A Woman In Berlin

It seems obvious that a civilian population would experience and have a perspective on warfare than members of the military, but for those who perpetrate warfare – mainly the multi-national moneyed corporate interests, the bankers and stockbrokers, and the politicians who ultimately give the orders while rarely – if –ever – suffering the direct consequences, it seems to matter little. It has been this way throughout human history, but up until the advent of mechanized warfare, it was primarily soldiers, whose job it is to carry out orders, who experienced the consequences first-hand. Civilian populations have suffered these consequences periodically throughout history as well, but it was after the development of mechanized slaughter that civilians became regular first-hand victims of the horrors of war. The American Civil War and the First World War had brought this to civilian populations on a wide-scale basis to some extent, but it was really the Second World War in which mechanized warfare had been perfected to the point that virtually any civilian population could be affected – including that of Germany. The Germans had been subject to humiliation and hunger following the First World War as well as major economic upheavals – conditions that allowed Hitler to come to power in the first place. Nonetheless, German villages, cities and infrastructure had survived the 1914-1918 conflict nearly intact. This was not the case during the Second World War. Germany, for a brief time had been the world’s great superpower, which seemed only fitting to its people – particularly after the country’s spectacular rise prior to hostilities, and the apparent ease with which German forces had secured lebensraum for the deutsches leute. The anonymous author of A Woman In Berlin, a day-by-day account of Berlin’s fall and subsequent occupation by Soviet military, gives us a vivid account of the subsequent disbelief, the initial clinging to hope in the face, the changed perspective on everyday life, and the various survival tactics employed. Mainly however, it is a story of the transition from feelings of power over one’s fate to powerlessness, and what issues, formerly trivial, take on monumental importance in the face of a struggle simply to survive: â€Å"Heart, hurt, love, desire – how foreign, how distant those words sound now. Evidently a sophisticated, discriminating love life requires three square meals a day. † 1 It is also an experience of life stripped to its bare essentials: â€Å"Once again, we see what a dubious blessing technology is. Machines with no intrinsic value, worthless if you can’t plug them in somewhere. Bread however is absolute. †2 In light of this, it is fascinating to see how people – at least in the beginning – grasp on to any semblance of order as civilization collapses about them. On page 13 is a stark example of the unique cultural traits of the German people of that time; cultural traits that had allowed Hitler and the Nazi party to seize the power that eventually led to the downfall: despite the lack of enforcement, despite the fact that the tram is nearly empty, the narrator walks alongside it in a pouring simply because she does not have the Class III ticket that would entitle her to ride. â€Å"Order. It’s rooted deep inside us; we do what we are told. 3 As the Russians enter the city, suddenly, they are no longer a distant, faceless enemy; they are humans like the German civilians, but unlike the Germans, they are predominantly young, male, relatively well-fed – and enraged. It is not always acknowledged that the Russians suffered far greater casualties than the U. S. , Great Britain and the free garrisons from countries such as France and Poland combined. According to the official Nazi party line, Slavs, i. . Russians, were little better than Jews, Gypsies and homosexuals. Despite ukaz Stalina (Stalin’s decree), repeated acts of rape and assault occur. As one Russian insists: â€Å"What did the Germans do to our women? †4 revealing that these are not acts of lust or sexual hunger; these are acts of vengeance. Ultimately, and perhaps inevitably, hunger and safety needs – the lowest needs on Maslow’s hierarchy – take priority as the vanquished adapt in order to survive. The narrator is willing to submit to â€Å"Only one† in order to avoid being gang-raped. Even during the act itself, she’s â€Å"only half present, and that half is no longer resisting. †5 Eventually, she must find â€Å"a single wolf to keep away the pack. †6 Ultimately, even the men â€Å"adapt,† surrendering and serving the conquerors; despite orders not to surrender, the desire to live wins out. One difference between Soviet combat troops and that of every other combatant is the presence of women: â€Å"We’re amazed to see so many woman soldiers, with field tunics, skirts, berets and insignia†7 It is unclear from the narrative if the presence of Russian women prevented the brutish behavior from being worse than it was, but it is noteworthy that eventually, victor and vanquished are on first-name basis, actually interacting on a human level. One stark difference between the civilian and the military perspective stands out in bold relief: in the military, there is usually a bond of brotherhood among the soldiers of a given unit. In the heat of battle, a soldier isn’t fighting for his flag, for geo-political advantage or territory; they’re fighting for their comrades. On the other hand, among the civilians, it seems to come down for every man or woman for his/herself: â€Å"I couldn’t care about the lot of them†¦all my feelings seem dead, except for the drive to live. †8 This story is a history of a little-known chapter of World War II, but it is more importantly a testament to the overwhelming power of the survival instinct.

Gender Roles in Beowulf and The Decameron Essay

The Anglo- Saxon epic Beowulf and Giovanni Boccaccio’s Decameron tell very different stories, but nevertheless can be said to share one common literary element: the representation of gender. Both Beowulf and many of the stories in the Decameron represent women as being the subject to men in all respects. Beowulf is a masculine epic altogether, in which women are absent, silent or otherwise merely a tool that serves the world of men. In The Decameron on the other hand, although women are present in all the stories, Boccaccio makes them the victims of his irony most of the times, picturing them either as adulteresses or as very simple beings that completely lack cleverness, like the woman who lets herself be persuaded by her lover that he is the angel Gabriel himself. However, in both Boccaccio’s tales and in Beowulf the role of the women is even more interesting to notice when the authors intend to give a positive representation of them, in the form of ideal women. The ideal women for the two texts, Griselda in Boccaccio’s hundred story and Wealhtheow in Beowulf offer indeed a good insight into the way in which women were represented: they are intended to be positive figures, but they are ideal only insomuch as they are perfect tools that serve in the men’s world. Thus, Beowulf is as Gillian Overing notes, an absolutely masculine epic, which focuses only on heroism. The world of men is accurately constructed: it is entirely composed of men’s wishes, men’s actions and so on: â€Å"Beowulf is an overwhelmingly masculine poem; it could be seen as a chronicle of male desire, a tale of men dying†¦There is no place for women in the masculine economy of Beowulf. â€Å"(Overing, 69) Beowulf is the hero and later the king, who saves the Danish people of the powerful monster Grendel and of his mother. The very few women who appear in the story are mostly mentioned directly as instruments in the world of men, as â€Å"peace-weavers† more exactly, like Hrothgar’s daughter for example, who is mentioned directly as a â€Å"promise† to a certain man, as a means to bring peace to the kingdom: â€Å"Oft to the heroes Hrothgar’s daughter,/ to earls in turn, the ale-cup tendered, –/she whom I heard these hall-companions/ Freawaru name, when fretted gold/ she proffered the warriors. Promised is she,/ gold-decked/ maid, to the glad son of Froda. / Sage this seems to the Scylding’s-friend,/ kingdom’s-keeper: he counts it wise/ the woman to wed so and ward off feud,/ store of slaughter. But seldom ever/when men are slain, does the murder-spear sink/ but briefest while, though the bride be fair! † It is quite clear that this woman will probably fail even in her modest role, as a peace maker, according to the prediction of the anonymous author. Wealhtheow, queen to Hrothgar is the only woman who is given a voice in the poem at all. Her two speeches, one addressed to her king and the other to Beowulf mark very important moments in the poem, and she almost seems to have a certain power. She advises her king not to adopt Beowulf as a son, since he already has two sons of his owns, and pledges him to his word by offering a cup. She then goes to Beowulf and offers another symbolic object, a neck-ring as a reward for his feats of heroism and urges him to fight again and confront death: â€Å"Enjoy this neck-ring with safety, Beowulf, beloved youth, and make use of this corselet, of our people’s treasure; prosper well, declare yourself with strength, and be kind of counsel to these youths. I shall remember to reward you for that. You have brought it about that men shall praise you from far and near for a long time to come†¦. Here every nobleman is true to the other, mild of heart, loyal to his lord; the thanes are united, the people willing; the wine-drinking warriors do as I bid. † (â€Å"Beowulf†, 1216-1231) In both these instances, the Danish queen seems to hold some power over the events and the world of men, since she performs such symbolic acts and since she herself declares that the warriors obey her. However, it is quite obvious that she also is an instrument just like the other women mentioned in the text. She does not perform her own will, but only acts as an ideal tool for men that takes the cup from one of them and gives it to another. It can be said that Wealhtheow is merely a mediator and a peace bringer in the poem, just like the other women represented. As Gillian Overing remarks, in Beowulf women serve only as mediators for the alliances between men, either through marriage or through symbolic, minor acts: â€Å"While we have no way of guessing at Beowulf’s sexuality, or at the poet’s or the hero’s personal views on marriage, we cannot ignore the strength of expressed masculine desire in the poem. Intensity and passion are located in the bonds of loyalty and friendship forged between men, and marriage is valued as an extension of this larger emotional context. †(Overing, 72) Thus, Wealhtheow is an ideal woman in Beowulf insomuch as she serves the purposes in men’s world, her will simply coinciding with the desires of men. In the last story of The Decameron, one of the very few that actually have a â€Å"happy† ending, Griselda the modest daughter of a shepherd is married to the Marquis of Saluzzo. Her role in the story is strikingly similar to that of Wealhtheow in Beowulf, even if the context is very different. In the story Gualtieri is a typical man, who as shown from the start, is preoccupied only with men’s business, such as hunting, and despises the idea of marriage: â€Å"†¦having neither wife nor child, [he] passed his time in naught else but in hawking and hunting, and of taking a wife and begetting children had no thought; wherein he should have been accounted very wise†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Boccaccio, 837) As the author declares, the idea of taking a wife would be completely unwise, suggesting that women are merely troublesome acquisitions for men. However, Gualtieri is married at last, but chooses the daughter of a shepherd, so as to make sure she will be more likely to obey him in everything: â€Å"He then asked her, whether, if he took her to wife, she would study to comply with his wishes, and be not wroth, no matter what he might say or do, and be obedient†¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Boccaccio, 840) After a few happy years, he starts to deliberately torment his wife, through cruel acts, such as taking her children away and making her believe they are dead or humiliating her for her base condition in front of everyone. All this is done of course to try the wife’s patience and her limits in her total obedience to her husband. In the end, he makes her believe he is going to marry again, but instead brings her daughter, and the story ends well. The moral is quite evident: Boccaccio attempted to portray his idea of the perfect woman, that is the woman is nothing else but an instrument of man’s will. Griselda is so modest as to consider herself unworthy of any kind of regard, and so patient as to bear in silence her husband cruelty: â€Å"My lord, do with me as thou mayst deem best for thine own honour and comfort, for well I wot that I am of less account than they, and unworthy of this honourable estate †¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Boccaccio, 842) Her similarity to Wealhtheow is now apparent: both the queen in Beowulf and Griselda are ideal women only because they serve men properly, as instruments, that do not have any will of their own. Thus, the heroines of the two texts, although they appear in very different contexts, are obviously represented in the same way, that is, as instruments that are in harmony with men’s affairs and desires. Their perfection comes precisely from their nullity as characters, as persons of their own will. Both of them are wives first of all, and are defined only through this role. Although their authors intended a positive representation of women through them, they are in fact just useful devices for men, with no real consistence of their own. Works Cited: Risden, Edward L. tr. Beowulf. Troy: Whitston Publishing, 1994. Boccaccio, Giovanni. The Decameron. New York: Signet Classics, 2003 Overing, Gillian R. Language, Sign and Gender in ‘Beowulf. ’ Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1990.

Aircraft Maintenance Planning Procedures Research Paper

Aircraft Maintenance Planning Procedures - Research Paper Example It also contains maintenance control and Flight Crew advisory information that is used during routine operations between schedule maintenance to main base. Purpose of a technical log is for recording malfunctions and defects discovered during operations and for recording details of maintenance and information relevant to flight safety (Phil, 120) The technical log can only be certified by Civil Aviation Authority. b. Data recording Flight data recorder (FDR) maintenance is found fitted in the aircraft. This is for purposes of investigating an accident as a priority amongst other measures. Aircraft operators use the FDR for quantifying maintenance action that is needed. This is by confirming reported operation of the aircraft and its systems. The FDR performs function checks, operation checks, reasonableness, quality, drop out, data download, data conversions, parameters, simulations, analogue and digital data, engineering units, and stimulation. All these are necessary for an airwort hy aircraft. It is highly recommended for all aircraft data to be recorded electronically. They should be recorded on a daily basis to ensure aircraft airworthiness. These records are then kept as part of maintenance records for a particular aircraft. An automatic generation of records has been adopted in aircrafts (Thomas, 7). c. Maintenance schedule This contains details of what is required for maintenance of an aircraft and when it should be done. The maintenance schedule is created by the publisher i.e. the Original Equipment Manufacturer (OEM) or the Type Certificate Holder of the Aircraft. The CAA has to approve the product once the Aircraft Engineers have done a thorough checkup of the product airworthiness (Dinesh, 201). The maintenance checks involved here are airframe, engine, propeller and other equipment check. The maintenance manual is kept in the aircraft pertaining each equipment and parts of the aircraft. Under CAP 411, an aircraft should not exceed 2730kg for light aircrafts under the Light Aircraft Maintenance Schedule (LAMS). A maintenance schedule is compiled by first reviewing the manuals prepared by the OEM. Intervals are usually analysed based on the flying hours, flight cycles or the calendar time. A combination of these factors can also be used. The tasks are usually combined depending on the approved intervals. In order to compile work packages, tasks can be done earlier that recommended; this is a general rule which is often used. The CAA can however, allow for a later date, if such an agreement is reached or in exceptional cases. It is important to note that tasks which have more than one frequency should be given preference to govern what occurs first. The frequency is however, affected by the aircraft intended operations. TCH provides maintenance planning documents for tasks to be undertaken in large aircrafts. Aircrafts typical flight profile should be matched with the aircraft type. For example; two flying hours to each flight c ycle, seven flying hours to each flight cycle and so on. We can deduce that maintenance for the first aircraft is maintained more often than the second aircraft in our example. Schedules should thus be developed for the particular type of operation. Also considerations for maintenance frequency are made in regards to area of

Heuristics and Print Advertising Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Heuristics and Print Advertising - Essay Example This calls for the use of simpler methods to get satisfactory solutions. An example of this is the application of heuristics. Heuristics refers to experience-based techniques for discovery, learning and solving problems. Heuristics can also be described as simplifying strategies or rules of thumb that help people in their reasonable judgment and make guesses more quickly. Therefore, they are informal shortcuts or rules used to make daily judgments and get satisfactory solution since organizations cannot afford to spend large amounts of resources like energy, time and money on every single judgment or detail of life (Kahneman et al, 1982). Consumer behavior theories also give a good understanding of the behavioral trends among consumers and the factors that affect their decisions. Marketers combine information from these theories with heuristics so as to attain strategic marketing. The consumer behaviour theory gives a practical application of understanding the behaviour trends in con sumers and thus providing a way of strategizing to influence them. The theory explains the psychological, mental, emotional, non-utilitarian or subjective aspects of consumer behaviour in making buying decisions. ... It is also important to understand that there are consumers who are always after brands of high value hence they seek a lot of information on available brands before making any purchase (Engel et al 1995). Other consumers have habitual buying behaviour whereby they purchase products as a habit whereas others are variety seeking. Howard (1989) states that variety consumers always shop around to get a different brand of a product just to have variety. Variety seeking consumers are the best targets for advertisements since it brings the existence of the brand into their attention so that they can seek it. When they have got used to it, the manufacturers can make slight changes to re-advertise it as a new or improved product once again. Another consumer behaviour theory that explains the trends in consumer behaviour is the neoclassical consumer theory. This theory is a branch of microeconomics that deals with understanding consumer behaviours through the application of classical models o f economics. These models are based on the perception of consumers as people who are very rational in their decision making. In this respect it views them as people who always seek to maximize their satisfaction and benefits with purchases through informed and reasoned analysis of utility and value. When the neoclassical consumer theory is applied to consumer behaviour, it assumes that the utility or benefit of a product describes their behaviour over a life time. The utility maximizing rule states that for consumers to maximise satisfaction, they should allocate their finances so that the last amount of money spend on each product yields the same utility. The neoclassical theory factors in the issue of elasticity. If a product is highly elastic, its consumption will reduce if its price

Rhetorical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Rhetorical analysis - Essay Example As a function of this particular means of analysis, this student will seek to provide feedback and analysis of personal reaction, a description and discussion of the audience that this announcement is appealing to, the underlying purpose, and the means by which individuals within the announcement are ultimately represented. In seeking to address each of these rhetorical issues, the student can hope to gain a more appropriate and well nuanced understanding of the motives and mechanisms that lie at the very heart of this specific public service announcement. Furthermore, by attempting to draw inference on each of these issues, it is the hope of this student that the reader and/or researcher will better to be able to understanding the public service announcement through the lens of analysis which will be presented. Firstly, with regards to this student’s reaction to the given piece, it was one that was immediately drawn to the high definition portrayal of a given setting with see mingly infinite small details occurring in rapid order within the field of vision of the viewer. This particular technique helped to build the suspense, in conjunction with the melodramatic music which was playing throughout the Public Service Announcement (PSA), and lead the viewer to focus solely on trying to locate the â€Å"reportable incident† that the text, speech, music, and setting foreboded. Similarly, with respect to the given audience for this Public Service Announcement (PSA), the viewer can assume that this extends to all citizens of responsible age. Such a broad generalization can of course be made due to the nature of the information that the PSA is trying to integrate with the viewer. As such, maximizing shareholder input is of course a primary interest to the individuals responsible for making the film (See Something Say Something Campaign, 3). Although each of the rhetorical levels of analysis which will herein be included are important, it is arguable that the very most important one is that of the rhetorical appeals that the PSA makes upon the viewer. The most powerful of these is the way that the PSA tugs upon the emotions of the viewer. This is affected by representing situations in a seemingly normal way; however, through utilizing sinister motives, references to the prior attacks of September 11th, the way in which our current world has changed, and the strong and ever-present feeling that there is something lurking beneath the surface, the PSA is able to engage the emotions of the viewer in a way that would otherwise not be possible. Moreover, by using images and slight of hand camera work that tells a story within a story which ultimately has a connection to a larger story (terrorism), the viewer is even further engaged as to the means whereby they can stand to affect a difference on this action being perpetrated within the world in which they live. This is interesting and powerful due to the fact that the PSA does not make any mention of a particular time or place. Instead, the instance itself and the ramifications thereof is enough to engage the shareholder to give up information to the authorities as a function of protecting themselves and society. With regards to the purpose, as has been stated up until this point, the purpose is to shock the viewer and spur a degree of future action based upon the representations that are alluded to on the screen. In this way, the filmmakers seek to

Risk Management and Risk Management Strategy Case Study

Risk Management and Risk Management Strategy - Case Study Example This research paper consists of two parts. On the example of PowerCo, the company operating in the field of electricity, risk management strategy is correlated with human resource development as one of the crucial and integrative components necessary for company’s competitiveness in the global market. Further on, it is underlined that the steps taken by risk managers of the company are oriented on internal and external trainings development and a constant education of employees. In such a way, PowerCo makes an attempt to fight against its rivals in the global market. Moreover, they try to fight against overall occurrence of electricity campaigns and become global by means of investing and developing their human resources. Part I Case Study on Risk Management Introduction Risk management is one of the most important issues for the modern companies. A successful performance of a small and big company directly depends on the ability to apply risk management strategies correctly. The main objective of risk management is to identify, evaluate and mitigate potential external risks. Very often risk management strategy is applied for global or large companies. Small companies are left outside and very often managers of these companies do not care much about risk management strategy involvement as a possible solution to the company’s problem. The following research consisting of two parts is outlined with regards to a common risk management cycle. The company chosen for further discussion is PowerCo international company producing electricity that has a potential to expand globally. With this respect, numerous challenges may occur. The future is unpredictable for successful companies or those who only start up their businesses. Nevertheless, many researches and

Reaserch Critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Reaserch Critique - Essay Example However the research fails to mention the causative agent of pressure ulcer and only dwells on the prevention measures. The purpose of the research is clearly stated as to assess the quality of disease prediction in home health care. This is done by looking into process and procedure used to assess pressure ulcer risk upon admission to home care, frequency with proper timing f risk reassessment and the various interventions used by home health care agencies to prevent pressure ulcer development. By developing a three –part twenty nine item questionnaire, the research question was well applied. Questions were classified in three parts a move aimed at exhausting any important research material. With part one carrying questions with items related to agency size and respondent, part two covering questions on admission on risk appraisal processes and procedures and lastly, part three covering questions on prevention policies and prevention interventions it comes out clearly that the research question heading was well applied. Both provision of fixed responses and open-ended response options were well applied a thing that produced better results. The researcher had a well laid outline where the Agency of Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ) published clinical practice guidelines on pressure ulcer prediction and prevention. The contents of the guidelines were specified with practice recommendations for identifying those people at risk, maintaining and improving tissue tolerance to pressure, protecting against pressure friction and also the use of education to reduce pressure ulcer occurrence. The appraisal was well formulated where health care is evaluated through process of care and outcome indicators. It takes a wider review on the whole efforts undertaken in the prevention of pressure ulcers. (Bergquist, 2004) The two processes above have been developed through literature review, review of clinical guidelines,

Huge and digital strategy-case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Huge and digital strategy-case - Essay Example Retainer relationships can maintain these specific preferences of HUGE. 2. Long-term profits through long-term relations. Retainer relationships can result to long-term profits because clients can eventually see HUGE as a strategic partner for their overall growth. HUGE can reap greater revenues, if it becomes integral to their client’s strategic directions. Furthermore, long-term client relations can soon become a core competence. If these companies also grow, such as geographically and/or through offering new products and services, HUGE’s business will also grow with them. Their clients’ successes become intertwined with HUGE’s, thereby providing limitless opportunities for national and global growth. 3. Advancement of general view of the business as transformational and strategic. If HUGE is embedded into other companies in long-term retaining relations, companies might realize that digital marketing is not merely a reinforcement of traditional marketin g efforts, but a superior marketing edge. Shapiro and his staff assert that: â€Å"†¦everything will be digital† (Casadesus-Masanell and Karvounis 7). ... 010 to 2016 2010 2013 2016 Social Media 988 2,760 4,995 E-Mail 1,328 1,875 2,468 Mobile 885 4,238 8,237 Display 9,347 16,085 27,600 Search 16,308 24,613 33,319 Source: Casadesus-Masanell and Karvounis (14) Disadvantages. 1. Demand for capabilities that are not part of HUGE’s core competencies. Despite the advantages of retainer relationships, HUGE does not have existing capabilities that long-term relations entail. For instance, retainer means engaging in traditional digital marketing activities, such as display advertising and search marketing. HUGE does not have the competencies yet for these marketing channels. 2. Not related to market expansion. Retainer relationships may extend revenues per client, but it does not automatically bring in new clients. It does not allow HUGE to tap new markets or to exploit existing ones. 3. Not supportive of business model. HUGE wants to be the one-stop digital marketing firm. If it caters to the same clients, it is not growing that much at all, unless the same market grows. HUGE is not opening itself to prevailing market demand for search and display marketing, in particular, which is a mounting marketing field opportunity. Geographic Expansion Advantages. 1. Taps new markets with the same transformative needs. HUGE can tap foreign markets that have similar transformative needs. It does not have to veer far away from its business practices because it can find large, challenging projects in other countries. Some of the potential locations are Japan, UK, Norway, and Denmark. These nations have high numbers of citizens who have bought something online and a large percentage of firms with websites (Casadesus-Masanell and Karvounis 19). 2. Expands markets in a geographical way. Geographic expansion can result to market expansion.

Natural and Common Logs Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Natural and Common Logs - Essay Example This problem was solved in 1594 by a Mathematician from Scotland, known as John Napier, who introduced a set of logarithmic numbers. (Nagel, 2002, 2006) Today, they are used in modern scientific methods as well, such as calculations for computer science applications and algorithms. Finding out the efficiency of a certain algorithm, the time it takes to solve particular instructions etc. other than that, for many years, logarithms have been used in physics, chemistry, biology in calculating statistical data and values. Logarithms are used in graphical representation of the collected data and can also be used to forecast a trend based on the given data. In the field of engineering, exponentials can give you a hard time determining correlations between events and factors. In such cases, a logarithm can make the problematic function linear and provide a pretty accurate approximation. This makes solving it easy. The graphical representations of logarithmic functions can be much easier to analyze than complex ones and give a better understanding. An example would be of biology, in which the growth of an enzyme is being monitored. Suppose the function provided is: Converting a logarithmic function into an exponential function can be done in a simple way. A logarithmic function is the reflection of an exponential function in the line y = x. ... An example would be of biology, in which the growth of an enzyme is being monitored. Suppose the function provided is: Y = ln x (9.5), where x is the variable that strains the growth of the enzyme. The graph for it would look like:(Zorn, n.d) The graph provides a linear and simple representation, without the use of logarithm, this could be a very problematic function to deal with. Logarithm to Exponential Converting a logarithmic function into an exponential function can be done in a simple way. A logarithmic function is the reflection of an exponential function in the line y = x. for example, the equation we took above, y = ln x (9.5) would become y = ex(9.5). the graph for the exponential function would look like:(Zorn, n.d) Here, we clearly see that both graphs are laterally inverted. Proof: Y = ln x(9.5) After reflection in the line y = x; X(9.5) = lny Now recall that if ln x = y, then x = e y Therefore if ln y = x, then y = e x so; y = ex(9.5) Works Cited 1. L. Bostock, S. C. (1990, 1994, 2000). Core Mathematics for Advanced Level. Cheltenham: Nelson Thornes. 2. Nagel, R. (2002, 2006). Logarithm. Retrieved June 20, 2008, from enotes.com Encyclopedia of Science: http://www.enotes.com/uxl-science-encyclopedia/logarithm 3. Zorn, W. (n.d.). Function Grapher Online. Retrieved June 20, 2008, from walterzorn.com:

Organisations and Behaviour Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Organisations and Behaviour - Essay Example The company was established in the year 1846. It is a listed company in the London Stock Exchange. 1.1 Organizational Structure and Culture and its Impact on the Performance of the Businesses The organizational structure has a great influence on the performance of the organization. The organization structure is considered as the anatomy of an organization, offering a foundation lying within which the organization performs its functions. This organization structure affects the behaviour of the organizational members. The organizational structure of BT Plc is based on two main internal divisions named BT Operate and BT Design. These two divisions support the rest four ‘customer facing’ divisions of the organization. BT Operate has the responsibility of deployment and operation whereas BT Design has the responsibility related to the design and the development of services. The divisions help the organization in delivering ‘software driven products’ associated wi th the next generation network and also achieve the target of cost savings. The organizational structure helps in the systematic functioning of the business operations. ... BT Plc is an integrated company with two main departments. In both the departments, separate procedures are conducted for the completion of the business processes. The organization has a huge scope of proving its excellence in the future as well. The values, policies, collection of traditions, attitudes and beliefs constitute the organizational culture of BT Plc. High values encourage the employees and increase their efficiency thereby increasing the performance of the organization (Yeo and Li, 2011). Ryan Air Ltd being one of the low cost airlines in Fingal, Ireland possesses a functional organizational structure. It is one of the most successful examples of the low cost business models. There are different levels of management. The values act as the core of the organization including reliability, quality, action, feedback and informal communication. The functional organization structure separates the series of activities in different segments. Ryan Air Plc changes the organizationa l structure by expanding the business operations for the allocation of responsibilities to all the employees in appropriate manner. The main success behind the successful organization structure is the coordination in different departments within the organization. The organization was launched with the aim to achieve the low cost leadership model. But at the same time, Ryan Air Ltd did not want that the name of the organization to get associated with anything cheap. The airline has built and maintained a work culture which is said to be an exciting place to work in. The cost cutting strategies are implemented in each and every aspect of the organization. The employees in the organization are awarded for their excellent performances and at the same time, reprimanded on

Endangered species Essay Example for Free

Endangered species Essay The tiger being a native occupant of the Eastern and Southern Asia is endangered species. Six out of the nine subspecies of the tiger are endangered while the other three subspecies are already extinct according to the zoo attendant. The tiger species are endangered due to quite a number of reasons e. g. poaching, deforestation and fragmentation. This is to the fact that this wild cat likes only densely populated areas which pose greater risk for its survival. The tiger is being hunted for fur and destruction of habitat has reduced the tiger population in the wild. Research has established that at the start of the 20th century it was estimated that over 100000 tigers existed world over but their population has reduced greatly to about 2000 in the wild. Some research also suggests that it is even lower in numbers. Some major campaigns have been initiated world wide in order to conserve this specie e. g. the project tiger initiative in India; which has the largest population of tigers, has been on a campaign since 1973, initially spearheaded by Indira Gandhi. Fundamental accomplishments have been the establishment of over 25 well-monitored tiger reserves in reclaimed land where human development is not allowed. 2. Background information: The tiger as it is commonly known has the scientific name Panthera tigris. It is a member of the family Felidae the largest of the four big cats in the genus Panthera. More information about its classification is as follows: Kingdom: Animalia, Phylum: Chordata, Class: Mammalia, Order: Carnivora, Family: Felidae, Genus: Panthera, Species: P. tigris. And its subspecies are: P. t. tigris, Panthera tigris jacksoni, P. t. sumatrae, Panthera tigris altaica, Panthera ,tigris amoyensis, † Panthera tigris virgata, † P. t. balica, † P. t. sondaica. The last three sub species are extinct. It is a native of much of the Southern and Eastern Asia ands is an obligate carnivore and apex predator. It lives in various types of forests, including wet; evergreen; the deciduous forest, and the thorn forests and prefers denser vegetation. 3. The plan: One of the proposed plans to save this endangered species is to reclaim land occupied by people that were originally habitat for this animal, secondly there is need to introduce new and strict measures to curb the poaching menace to the animal species. The most endangered species are recommended for zoos in order to preserve them and prevent them from becoming extinct. It is more than evident that the Washington DC zoo is campaigning highly on the fact mission of saving this specie even though the zoo might not be able to accommodate all the endangered species of the animal. In order to be able to accomplish this, the zoo management has established a research centre that is dedicated to the well being and maintenance of the tiger. 5. Estimate cost It is better to recommend the animal to be breed in the wild than keeping it in the Zoo. This is so due to high cost of breeding in the Zoo and since it is a wild cat, being kept in the wild while monitoring their development is necessary and this is the work of the research institutions that have been established in the Zoo. 6. Conclusions: Since the major problem that this animal is experiencing is deforestation, poaching, and fragmentation. It is rather proper to take precautionary steps such as land reclamation by a forestation in deforested areas to allow the tiger to breed fully to increase in population.

Effects of Employee Empowerment on Project Success

Effects of Employee Empowerment on Project Success Introduction: Employee empowerment is not a new innovative word its being used from many decades but employee empowerment has now become a buzz word in recent management treads in both private and public sectors (pits 2005). Employee empowerment received a wide recognition as an important subject in management circles mainly because it seen as one of the fundamental elements of managerial and organisational effectiveness that increases when power and control are shared in organization (serenely et al 2007). thus employee empowerment hailed as management technique which can be applied universally across all organisations a means of dealing with the modern global business(demitrades 2005) . Generally employee empowerment comprises of an innovative approach with people and a shift of power from the top management to lower level of an organization (tzafrir et al 2005). researches and leaders worldwide aver advocated for empowerment of employees to ell organisations compete successfully in highly compe titive market place (tjosvold and sun 2005). Therefore org that are committed to employee empowerment are in a position to motivate and retain their employees (angora 2007). Employee empower mint is seen as motivational technique if designed and nurtured properly in organisations. Thus employee empowerment leads to improvement of performance of the org through increased level of employee participation and self determination (greasily et al 200). Tzafrir (2004) says basically employee empowerment is mainly y concerned with trust, motivation, decision making and breaking he inner boundaries between management and employees. Literature review: Definitions: Employee participation is defined as ‘a process of employee involvement designed to provide employees with the opportunity to influence and where appropriate, take part in decision making on matters which affect them. According to Farnham (1997) Employee Participation is one of four policy choices for managing the employment relationship. Cited in Rose (2001, p380) Farnham states:‘†¦an employee has the right to question and influence organization decision making and ‘†¦. this may involve representative workplace democracy. The common dictionary definition of empowerment, to give official authority to: delegate legal power to: commission, authorize (Grove, 1971, p. 744) is the one most understood by most people. As an example, Gandz (1990) writes, Empowerment means that management vests decision-making or approval authority in employees where, traditionally, such authority was a managerial prerogative. (p. 75) However, this is not the definition of what is usually called employee empowerment. One author notes empowerment is, easy to define in its absence—alienation, powerless, helplessness—but difficult to define positively because it takes on a different form in different people and contexts' (Zimmerman, 1990, p.169) Employee empowerment is a process whereby: a culture of empowerment is developed; information in the form of a shared vision, clear goals, boundaries for decision making, and the results of efforts and their impact on the whole is shared; competency in the form of training and experience is developed; resources, or the competency to obtain them when needed to be effective in their jobs, are provided; and support in the form of mentoring, cultural support, and encouragement of risk-taking is provided Current research in employee empowerment: There is lot of research going on empowerment with respect to different entities of business like empowerment and total quality management, empowerment and sales, empowerment and customer satisfaction in tourism industry. Most of the research is concentrated on the relation between empowerment and employee motivation. Even though there is a vast literature review on my topic of interest .I am mentioning very few concepts here. In the most comprehensive, long-term study of empowerment-oriented practices, (Lawler, Mohr man, Benson, 2001) has empirically demonstrated the positive growth of empowerment practices in the last 15 years. Today, more than 70 percent of organizations surveyed have adopted some kind of empowerment initiative for some portion of their workforce. Why the tremendous growth in employee empowerment? Faced with competitive demands for lower costs, higher performance, and more flexibility, organizations have increasingly turned to employee empowerment to enhance their performance. Empowerment practices are often implemented with the hopes of overcoming worker dissatisfaction and reducing the costs of absenteeism, turnover, poor quality work, and sabotage (Klein, Ralls, Smith-Major, Douglas, 1998). Their focus is aimed at overcoming the debilitating psychological effects of traditional bureaucracies through the creation of high-involvement organizations. Empowerment enables employees to participate in decision making, helping them to break out of stagnant mindsets to take a risk and try something new. Empowering practices allow employees to decide on their own how they will recover from a service problem and surprise-and-delight customers by exceeding their expectations rather than waiting for approval from a supervisor (Bowen La wler, 1995). And perhaps most importantly, empowerment is viewed as critical in the process of organizational change. Rather than forcing or pushing people to change, empowerment provides a way of attracting them to want to change because they have ownership in the change process. Yet, in spite of this positive growth, more than 25% of the surveyed companies in Lawler et al.s (2001) study still report no significant empowerment-oriented practices anywhere in their organizations. And even those that do introduce empowerment practices often find it difficult to build genuine employee empowerment (Spreitzer Quinn, 2001). Some dont have the courage In order to understand the aims and implications of empowerment, it is necessary to understand the origins of the concept within the intellectual and political history of the West. While its modern form was derived principally from the civil and womens rights social movements of the 1960s, its philosophical lineage can be traced to the beginnings of modern political philosophy. While often regarded as a revolutionary development in thinking even in contemporary times, empowerments theoretical roots point to a longer progression than is commonly assumed. In myriad ways, empowerment theory is principally concerned with elucidating and applying the answers to the timeless questions of political philosophy itself namely the nature of power, the role of the citizen in the polis, and the achievement of justice in civic life. From this vantage point, empowerment is a continuation of this theoretical search for elusive, but critical, answers to timeless human questions. Sir Francis Bacon, b est known for his work new Atlantis, is intrinsically bound to the study of empowerment due to his crucial contribution to the development of the Western democratic system (White, 1987). According to Bacon, humanitys existence in a world of scarcity will continually result in human deprivation and hostility without the conquest of nature. He argued that only by the ‘release of mans estate, namely the rational and scientific generation of greater goods from nature, could this cycle of constant political animosity and privation be ended. Freedom, enfranchisement, and harmony among citizens cannot be achieved without overcoming the aggression that is inherent to scarcity and issues of survival. By uniting people behind the common goal of creating better lives via reason and human invention, the common good is finally able to triumph over sectarian divisions. At the most fundamental level, liberal democracy and the concept of constant progress require the emancipation of workers a nd their empowerment. Without empowerment, the manual labourer (or serf or slave) is utilized to provide the inputs that political life necessitates, and the stratification of power is perpetuated. Although Bacon helped to form the foundations of the modern commercial republic, he could not have foreseen many of the developments that this polity engendered. One only has to peruse the works of Dickens, Marx, or Sinclair to be made aware of some of the obstacles of this political order. The sublimation of economic efficiency and science may liberate humankind from the bounds of scarcity, but it also can transform man into a servant of power. Moreover, it often leads to a form of consumerism that seems ill suited for providing citizens with meaning outside the bounds of the acquisition of material possessions, as well as elevates labour itself into the focal point for personal significance. From this perspective, our economic and political order may be required to bear more weight and significance than it can bear. Modern empowerment literature, with its emphases on theory, results, and meaning is focused upon improving this state of affairs through a variety of different approaches and applications. As a discipline, it embraces modern methodologies in order to answer ancient and familiar questions with the intention of elevating both the individual and the organization (political or otherwise) simultaneously. During recent years, workplace empowerment has increasingly become part and parcel of the lexicon of organizational research and practice. The meaning of the term empowerment has evolved over the years from its more radical beginnings in the civil and womens rights movements to its current manifestations focused on organizational performance (Bartunek Spreitzer, 1999). In this section of the chapter, we look across the most recent decades of writing on empowerment and highlight three contemporary theoretical perspectives. Research purpose: TO EVALUATE THE ROLE OF Employee Empowerment IN PROJECT SUCCESS. I want to know to what extent the empowerment is being employed in the projects. If so, to what extent the empowerment aids in success of the project. Research objectives Question 1 .TO WHAT EXTENT Employee Empowerment IS BEING EMPLOYED IN PROJECTS AT MANGERIAL AND TEAM LEADER LEVEL Question 2. TO WHAT EXTENT Employee Empowerment CONTRUBUTES TO PROJECT SUCCESS Research rationale: Research mainly has economical and social benefits My research will find the cause and effect of empowerment and project success at two different hierarchal levels of project , i.e. managerial and team leader. I believe that my research will provide a new perspective of empowerment in projects. Research scope: Scope of my research is restricted to a Construction Company. I am doing a case study on ksheeraabd constructions private ltd (KPCL), Hyderabad, India I will take 8 to 10 interviews and will also distribute Questionnaires among 20 people. I will consider both employee and employer perspective. In depth interviews will be taken from the project managers and lower level team leaders Research methodology: The analysis of the research will be largely quantitative, however qualitative analysis will be used to highlight patterns and make the analysis more robust. The findings will be compared to theory in context in order to describe the patterns which exist. An deductive approach will be used in order to evaluate a theory as a result of the research findings .The research strategy will be case study of a construction company( KCPL ,Hyderabad India) for which I have already gained access . The company chosen is a construction company which is at present working on a road construction project at a place called Madurai in India. In the case study the interviews will be conducted for project manager level and questionnaires will be given for team leader level employees The aim is to evaluate the effects of employee empowerment in an organisation. The questionnaire will have structured questions with set responses in order to quantify the empowerment employed in the organisation. There will also be open questions for participants to make comments on the various aspects empowerment in their organisation. I will do cross sectional study as I will collect all the data at same time Sampling procedures: My research involves data collection from two different levels of organisation like project managers and from team leader level. As the project managers are very few we wanted to consider the entire sample and for the team leaders I will use simple random sampling. Data collection and analysis: I will take interviews from the project managers. I will take ablest 8 to almost 10 interviews. I will distribute the questioners to the team leaders who are selected by simple random sampling. I will make sure that at least 20 employee from team leader level will participate in this procedure. Using the deductive approach, the analysis of the interviews will be mostly quantitative I will ask questions that have rating of the responses ranging from 0 to 5. The main purpose of the interviews is to avoid any bias of information from the questionnaires. The questioners are designed in such a way that each response is quantified like the interviews. By this method I can make quantitative analysis of both types of information. Validity and reliability Internal validity Increased through use of multiple sources of evidence, structured interviews and questionnaires (both closed and open questions). The design of questions and survey will be based on understanding of the theory from the literature and pilot testing of the interview and questionnaire will be used to make sure questions are understood as intended. External validity Multiple cases considered to examine whether findings can be generalised over a number of organisations. There is no requirement to make a statistical analysis of the results for generalisation here as the approach chosen examines practices and their effectiveness. The aim is to explain the findings and explore generalisability through a comparison of findings with theory. Reliability Structured interviews with questions derived from literature in order to examine cases in same way. Surveys to back up the interviews and obtain views from a wider group. Questionnaires all administered at the same time and in controlled manner, explanation to ensure participants all understand research in same way. Instrumentation : I am planning to collect information through questionnaires in single batch . Which will not pose any validity problems with respect to instrumentation? Mortality: with respect to this threat I ill make sure that there will be no dropouts of participants at the time of data collection Access to the company (consent): I have already spoken with the subject of interest (KCPL pvt ltd, Hyderabad) and gained access to the company. I have explained the total procedure and outcome of the dissertation. I have promised them that the information collected will be kept confidential so finally the company has given access to obtain information from their employees. The organisation is also looking forward to help me in this research. They felt grateful to me for taking their company as a case study. For reference I am enclosing a copy of the access grant letter

History of Volleyball

History of Volleyball Dan Gould Mr. Woodmansee William G. Morgan’s â€Å"Mintonette† and it’s evolution to the popular international sport, has changed in many different ways to become the more modern day sport called, â€Å"Volleyball†. Volleyball was founded in 1895, by a man named, William G. Morgan, in Holyoke, Massachusetts. It was originally called â€Å"Mintonette†, and was meant to be a combination of Basketball, Baseball, and Handball. Also, it was designed to be a non-contact sport so that no one got hurt. There was no limit to the number of players on a team, nor was there a limit to the number of contacts on each side. The first official volleyball match was played on July 7th, 1896 at Springfield College, MA. People loved the sport, so right away it was spread across the country, and was played in most YMCA’s. The first dimensions of volleyball were very simple. The initial rules by William G. Morgan required a net which was six feet and six inches high (which was the size of an average person back then). The court, also made up by William G. Morgan, was 25 feet by 50 feet in size. Another rule was that you could have as many players as you wanted on each side. The official weight of the volleyball was no less than nine ounces, but no more than twelve ounces (it was made out of the bladder from a Basketball). Over time, most of these dimensions were changed to make the more appropriate sport called, â€Å"Volleyball†. There were several original playing rules designed for volleyball. One of the first rules was that the game consisted of nine innings. Depending on the number of players on each team,  the team would have one serve per player. After each team members serve was over, the inning would be over. The player serving continued to serve until he missed the serve or his team failed to return the ball to the other side of the net. You could only score when your team had the serve. Another rule was, if the ball hit the net, it was called a net ball, and counted as a point for the opposing team. If the ball was served into the net, it would be called a dead ball, and would count as a trial. The next rule was if a player touched the net, it would be called a net, and would result in a point for the other team. If you caught or held the ball for a couple of seconds, it would be called a carry, and would also result in a point for the other team. In 1896, (a year after the founding of Mintonette) a man by the name of Dr. Alfred T. Halstead approached William G. Morgan at the first exhibition game. He told him that a better, or a more appropriate name for the sport should be â€Å"Volley Ball†. William liked the idea, and the name stuck. In 1952, the name was officially changed, by combining the words â€Å"Volley†, and â€Å"Ball†, and making its new name, â€Å"Volleyball†. To this day the sport still has the same name. Over the years, volleyball has changed tremendously. As you know, nothing stays the same anymore. Well anyways, the court size was changed to 60 feet by 30 feet. The net was also changed too, but this time, there was a size for a women’s net and a men’s net. The women’s net was seven feet and four inches, while the men’s net was seven feet and eleven inches. Also, the rule about having as many players on the court was changed to; six players per side (no more or no less). The ball’s official size stayed with the same criteria, but mainly, it was about ten ounces. These dimensions will stay the same for a while, but some may be tweaked up a bit as the years go by. As I said, â€Å"nothing can be perfect; there is always room for a change†. Just as they did for the dimensions, they also revised some playing rules. They got rid of the nine innings, and instead, they changed it to; three out of five, games to fifteen. Also, you could still only score on your serve, but you had as many serves as you wanted. Another rule was that you could no longer hit the ball as many times as you wanted. Instead, you only could have three contacts per side, and a player could only contact the ball once, or it would result in a violation called the â€Å"two hits violation†. The last rule added was the under the net rule; if a player stepped over the line in the middle, (dividing the two teams) then it would result as a violation, and a point would be awarded to the opposing team. As volleyball began to spread around the world, there was a strong love for the sport, and some people wanted to bring the sport to the beach. Beach volleyball was founded in the 1920’s in Santa Monica, CA. It was at first played as just a recreational sport, where people could play for fun. It was played only with two people on the court, and the rules were slightly different than indoor volleyball. It became a competitive sport in California in 1947. In the sport you had to communicate and move very swiftly in order to do well. It was a great activity to play at the beach, and many people thought it was one of the coolest sports ever to be invented. Still it was practically the same sport as indoor volleyball; the only difference was that it was played on sand, and not on solid ground. Now for the dimensions of Beach Volleyball (which are completely different than indoor volleyball). The court is approximately 26 ¼ feet by 52 ½ feet long. The net on the other hand, is the same criteria as indoor volleyball, except both men and women’s nets are lowered by an inch, due to the uneven sand. Which means a women’s net would be seven feet and three inches, and the men’s would be seven feet and ten inches high. Also, the outdoor volleyball is about an inch wider than an indoor ball, but it is lighter by about two ounces (which makes it easier for the ball to come up by the players). One completely different dimension from indoor volleyball is; (not counting the court), there needs to be at least three and one fourth feet for playing space. In beach volleyball the games were still the same as indoor; Three out of five, and games to fifteen. Also in beach, you could still only score when your team had the serve, which was called â€Å"side out volleyball†. Another rule was that you could not set the ball over the net, unless if you were square to where the ball was going to land. As for the under the net call, in beach, it was only called if you went under the net and interfered with another player (in other words, you got in the players way). Some of these rules, just like indoor, still will be changing to this day. In 1942, volleyball was introduced into the Olympics, but only as an exhibition sport. It immediately was loved by all the fans, and many different countries started to develop their own teams. Finally, in the 1964 Tokyo Olympic Games, volleyball became an official sport in the Olympics. It was sponsored strongly by the International Olympic Committee (IOC). Beach volleyball would later on join the Olympics as well. Soon, beach volleyball took on a life of its own. In 1992, it was introduced into the Olympics as an exhibition sport. Also, just like indoor volleyball, the fans loved it, and many other countries developed teams as well too. Right away, in the 1996 Atlanta Olympic Games, beach volleyball became an official Olympic sport. Also, to this day, beach volleyball is thought to be the hottest ticket in the Olympics. Over the years, there have been many volleyball/beach volleyball leagues. Most of them have recently started over this century. Some examples are; AVP, FIVBA, USVBA, Junior Olympics, and AAU. These leagues are mostly for professionals. Like AVP, which is basically the NBA for basketball players, but instead for beach volleyball players. Also, the USVBA stands for United States Volleyball Association, which is basically our U.S. Olympic indoor volleyball team. Over the years so many of the rules have changed, and actually, today, they are still being changed. One major change was the introduction of the libero. It was introduced in 1998. A libero is a player that wears a different color shirt than the rest of the team, and they are basically defensive specialists. At any time during the game, if anyone needed to be taken out of the back row, they could be switched with the libero, but it would not count as a substitution. The only twist was that the libero was not allowed to play in the front row. One other rule that was switched was the side out rule, the rule was changed so that you don’t have to win the point on your serve, but you could also get a point on the opposing teams serve. Lastly, the games were changed to three out of five, games to twenty-five. In beach volleyball, the games were also three out of five, but the games were to twenty-one. In worldwide popularity, volleyball is the second most popular sport in the world, the first being soccer. With about 46 million Americans that play, and over 800 million people that play around the world, it is obvious that volleyball touches lives. Volleyball has definitely grown to be the best team sport there will ever be. The reason for this is because there cannot just be one star player on the team but, there has to be at least three contacts from at least two different players. References Crisfield, Deborah, and John J. Monteleone. Winning Volleyball for Girls. New York: Chelsea House, 2010. Print. Dearing, Joel B. The Untold Story of William G. Morgan Inventor of Volleyball. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print. February 9th: William G. Morgan Invents a Game Called Mintonette That Is Better Known Today as Volleyball. Today I Found Out RSS. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013. . Ghare, Madhavi. Volleyball: History, Court and Equipment. Buzzle.com. Buzzle.com, 17 Dec. 2007. Web. 30 Oct. 2013. . History Behind Volleyball Discovering Volleyball in 1950-80. History Behind Volleyball. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013. . Kenny, Bonnie, and Cindy Gregory. Volleyball: Steps to Success. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2006. Print Volleyball History 101. About.com Volleyball. N.p., n.d. Web. 06 Nov. 2013. . Volleyball Rules 1897. Volleyball Rules 1897. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013. . VOLLEYBALL COURT DIMENSIONS. VOLLEYBALL COURT DIMENSIONS. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Oct. 2013. .

How Does Golding Make This Passage Tense And Powerful? :: English Literature:

How Does Golding Make This Passage Tense And Powerful? Golding uses many techniques to make this passage tense and powerful by using language and the content of the passage. He uses many types of imagery and dramatic language throughout the passage as well as changes in pace and many different sorts of sound effects. The most conspicuous means Golding has used to make this passage very powerful is the content. He implies that someone has died in this passage, which evokes many feelings among readers because death is such a disastrous occurrence: "That little 'un had a mark on his -face -where is -he now?" The way Golding has portrayed the death is particularly effective because it is not definite that the boy has died and not knowing something is more tense than knowing something. Also the boy didn't die in the book, meaning all we have is the reactions from the boys and what they say, instead of knowing exactly what happened we are left to think about it on our own, using our own imagination. The imagery that Golding uses in the passage is very descriptive and unsettling. He uses personification, similes and metaphors: "Tall swathes of creepers rose for a moment into view, agonized, and went down again." Here Golding has used personification to depict the plants. This shows how the boys are starting to see things and get very paranoid of their surroundings. The plants seem to be coming to life, which is very unnatural and disconcerting. "One patch touched a tree trunk and scrambled up like a bright squirrel." This is a simile, describing the fire to be like a squirrel, which seems really strange but also very subtle and powerful. Golding has portrayed to very different things: an innocent squirrel and a lethal fire. This makes the fire appear quite harmless; therefore highlighting its danger even more when we find out it has killed someone. "The drum-roll of the fire" --------------------------- The metaphor Golding has used here is repeated several times in the passage. Later he just says, "drum-roll" instead of fire. This is effective because a drum roll is a powerful and steady sound, very distinctive and of importance. Although it doesn't sound like a fire it is very significant like the fire is in this passage. Also the thought of a growing drum-roll going on during this passage builds up much tension. In this passage Golding doesn't just use the boy's speech to convey

Kelly and Sale: Persuasive Or Pointless? Essay -- Kelly Sale Argumenta

Kelly and Sale: Persuasive Or Pointless? Unarguably, since technology has been introduced, it has had profound effects, permeating not only onto society, but our entire ecological system. To categorize the effects of technology as predominantly beneficial or detrimental, as Kevin Kelly and Kirkpatrick Sale claim in their interview, is difficult. "Interview With The Luddite" captures and vividly illustrates their seemingly pointless and underdeveloped ideas. Kelly, protechnology, and Sale, a contemporary neo-Luddite, discuss many technological issues, including the automation of the labor force, oral tradition, literacy, and civilization. Later, they go on to present often radical and unrealistic solutions to the issues. While at times I can fathom certain aspects of the arguments, their solutions are predominantly too idealistic. In this paper, I plan to explore the physical setting of the interview, important nonphysical aspects including the intentions of the participants, and the ideas presented, while incorporating my o wn perceptions of their persuasiveness and effectiveness. The atmosphere of the June 1995 interview between Kelly and Sale is of essential importance to the initial impressions of the audience. Firstly, Kelly and Sale agreed to the interview which was published in Wired magazine. "This popular on-line magazine lacks any in-depth discussion of even the most problematic issues surrounding digital culture" (243). Obviously, the magazine offers a purely biased perspective and presents only the positive effects of technological innovations. Appearing in such a biased magazine may seem initially beneficial to the conversion intentions of Sale, the Luddite, but with deeper analysis it becomes clear that the c... ... convincing. Still, I cannot fathom the motivations behind the interview for either participant. Perhaps Kelly's goal was to persuade Sale, which he did, and perhaps Sale's goal was to attract publicity. Nevertheless, neither was very effective or intriguing in their arguments. I propose we invite technology and essentially the future. But we should never overstep our boundaries in this world. Instead, accept our role, have regard for nature, respect the Higher Being, and finally consider the consequences of our actions. If all aspects are considered, the undeveloped and seemingly pointless analogies illustrated by Kelly and Sale can be thankfully avoided. Works Cited Kelly, Kevin. "Interview With The Luddite." Andrea A.Lunsford and John J. Ruszkiewicz, The Presence Of Others: Voices That Call For A Response. New York: St. Martin's Press, 1997. (243-253)

Comparing the Hero in Henry IV and Dr. Faustus :: comparison compare contrast essays

Becoming a Hero in Henry IV and Dr. Faustus      Ã‚   Hero worship has existed in this world since the beginning of time, from the Jews honoring Moses, to the Germans honoring Adolf Hitler.   Becoming a hero is a very difficult thing to accomplish.   One must be successful in gaining the reverence of one's peers while at the same time not developing to big of an ego. Two examples of men trying to become heroes are Prince Henry and Dr. Faustus. Both, in their respective plays, have the capabilities of becoming a hero, but only Prince Henry succeeds while Dr. Faustus fails.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   At the beginning of The Tragical History of Dr. Faustus, Faustus is a well known doctor and is looked up to by his friends.   Hal, on the other hand, starts out in Henry IV, Part I, spending much of his time in a tavern engaged in talk with robbers and hoodlums, therefore being looked down upon by the high society which he is supposed to live in.   While it appears that Faustus seems to be headed to becoming a hero and Hal seems to be throwing away his chances, the audience can see from their soliloquies, that they both plan on changing their ways; Hal for the better and Faustus for the worse.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Faustus has risen to a great point in his life.   He was born to "parents base of stock (line 11)," but still has managed to gain a degree from the University of Wittengberg, thus acquiring much respect from the professional world.   From the onset though, Faustus has his mind set on other things; such as magic and necromancy.   Hal, on the other hand was born to a high society.   Even though he does all of these mischievous things, he plans on repenting and returning to his father.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The audience can see from Hal's soliloquy at the end of Act I, scene 2, that no matter how unruly the individuals are that he hangs out with, they do not have an influence on him:      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Yet herein will I imitate the sun,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Who doth permit the base contagious clouds   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   To smother up his beauty from the world,   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   That, when he please again to be himself,

Coping with Life Challenges Essay

Toni Cade Bambara, born March 25, 1939 in New York City; her mother was Helen Brent Henderson Cade. Bambara adopted that last name when she discovered it on a sketchbook her great-grandmother had. Bambara spent the first ten years of her life in Harlem, New York. In 1973, she published and essay in Redbook explaining what she liked about her mother. Bambara is an activist, novelist, writer, essayist, and a filmmaker. Bambara was influenced by her work as a social worker in the 1960’s. Bambara knew how the black community had been neglected and abused in the American society. Bambara became devoted to her community; she wrote primarily for her black community and in black dialect. Toni Cade Bambara wrote several short stories, one specifically was â€Å"The Lesson,† in this short story; she speaks on how to overcome struggles and stereotyping in the black community. In â€Å"The Lesson,† Toni Cade Bambara, uses characterization, style of language and setting; she also shows how she felt about how unfair the American society was through the eyes of a black woman. First, Bambara uses characterization. In â€Å"The Lesson† Bambara developed a strong and positive character who could teach us about valuable lessons in life. This character was a strong black woman named Miss Moore, who taught all the children in her community how to overcome the struggles in their community. Miss Moore first took the children to a store on Fifth Avenue, this store was the most expensive toy store the name of the store was F. A. O. Schwartz. The first life lesson was an expensive handcrafted sailboat, â€Å"Hand-crafted sailboat of fiberglass at one thousand one hundred and ninety-five dollars. † (Bambara) This lesson was to show the children the value of money, and how to value what they have and not what they want. In the second trial Bambara uses style of language, Miss Moore questioned the children on how they felt about the expensive sailboat. One of the characters in the story, Sylvia became upset with Miss Moore because out of all the children, she was the only one to get the point. Sylvia said, â€Å"I’m mad, but I won’t give her that satisfaction. So I slouch around bein very bored and say, Let’s go. †(Bambara) Sylvia realized that Miss Moore wanted them to see what type of environment they lived in and wanted them to think of ways to overcome those struggles in the future. Last, Bambara uses setting, Miss Moore, wanted the children to realize how unfair life was in the American society. Miss Moore wanted the children to see, that they had to overcome the stereotyping and become the opposite of what life was expected out of them. Miss Moore said, â€Å"Imagine for a minute what kind of society it is in which some people can spend on a toy what it would cost to feed a family of six or seven. What do you think? † (Bambara) Bambara’s main character knew what life expected out of them and she wanted the children to overcome the struggles, simply by experiencing them. In conclusion, the author felt that living within your society, you have to overcome the stereotyping and become the opposite of what life is expected of you. Toni Cade Bambara wanted her characters in â€Å"The Lesson,† to overcome society’s obstacles, cruelty, and devaluation and to discover their strengths, and to have pride within them. Toni Cade Bambara is universal and lives on in today’s society.

Conclusion: Hotel and Customer Loyalty

Recommendations fit to my look for, taint assure as shoot for affect node fealty. As a five-star hotel turn over a penny-pinching provoker derive is authorised for node subjection and large-term ancestry. Brand film too affect node committedness through drug abuse guest gaiety as the medium. If you be selling to tidy sum who atomic procedure 18 leave behinding to pay a indemnity price for choose your hotel, you pose to take a timber in you tick off. With erupt a hotel speck enter which in all(prenominal) air you allow for run short the malign nodes or in the extreme case, no client and this ordain lead to you devising no money and therefore no profits.After my explore sustain clearly blood between hotel mark off imold age and client the true. Here I will develop some recommendations to hotel. The agency to remediate hotel steel witness Hotel should pay to a greater extent assistance to guests perceived tax as they would l ike to get low-cost price, property correctment for the product and service they pay for. To attract more nodes, hotel foot get stiff VIP or member customers taste body process. Hotel besides wad have publicizing campaigns with a consistent theme. Brand envision is not fixed in customers heart.It is changed every times, such as this time period in this hotel have new ghost of tick off get word take over before betray pattern in customers heart. Thus, it s manger has some counsellings to remedy hotel notice image. 1, First impressions which hotel reach out customer is important. The hotel has prominent logotype with unused glossiness and sample goal. When customers clenched fist time guess that dirty dog easy to memories. As alone verbalizeing, human nature dictate that people will often substantiate their first-year decision or impression by managementing on the positives and even dominant or blocking out any negative exhibits.Hotel acquires cust omer fist time to confirm their make image. Hotel defect image should be based on what their customer expects. Hotel post shout speak to their trade in a way that they like to be spoken to. Hotel deficiency to deposit their rat fonts, color, and logo bring appears. For example the enlightenment hotel, they said that Our S logo, which resembles unambiguously Asian architectural forms, suggests majestic mountains reflected in the waters of a tranquil lake. all in all these little things together will perform a highly successful check off image for a five-star hotel. . Brand stiff are very important to advance a smirch image. Creating a predefined set of set is extremely important in getting hotel brand to work. Decide which evaluates apply first and fore virtually to hotel job. For Shangri-la hotel, they give the slogan is a golden sanctuary for the discerning traveler. For this sentence, not only give a augur to their customer, but withal as a standard for hotel staffs. These similarly can straight off be able to convey to your clients how hotel operate. It will be a useful way for hotel to improve their brand image. 3.The aim to cozy up the win such hotel can post grapheme service to customer and assemble it on the forefront of any marting. This is what theyre closely interested in. How will consumption money with hotel benefit. According to look selective information epitome shows that customer think the most vastness element when they choose a five-star hotels is product quality. Then hotel should highlight their quality at any marketplaceing activity and advertisement. This means that hotel have set out wherefore customers should choose your hotel and therefore why customers shout pay your price. 4. Hotel can appoint their business growing with their customer.They can sick the hotel growing history in their sack up side. The time will come where hotel business grows to a size where hotel brand image no longer accurate ly reflects and how often customer have stayed in this hotel, how long time the brand have take a shitd. At this point its worth looking at re- stigmatization. It can get customer approved. Let customer feel that he joins the hotel growing and feel kind with your hotel brand image. 5. Differentiate yourself from your competitors. Nowadays have some divers(prenominal) five-star hotel brand image. How to let customer can memories your hotel brand?Everything from the vocabulary your use to the tone of your advertisements and the color and shape of your logo should be distinctly yours. The customer can easy find the shining point from your brand and live a robust impression in their heart. Your hotel brand image can give the different feeling to customers. Therefore, in order to create a successful brand, marketing managers should be more devoted on anatomying brand image, customers propitiation and customer loyalty as the most important parts of branding strategy. By strengthen ing and maintaining the brand images will hopefully position the brand positively in the customer mind.The localize market of Five-stat hotel From search, the majority of customers are center field age and the purpose is for business or blank. It also shows a high personal income to software documentation five-star hotel consumption. Thus, hotel should pay more attention to male, middle age customers who are 40-49 years old, and consumers who have a diploma or form and who and high personal income for increasing market share. Look at the guest database and define your target market and desired amenities. growing a business visualize for an existent business or conducting a feasibleness study for a new fortuity requires a through analysis of market conditions.The correct target market is importance for success a hotel business. We can get by that hotel read to focalize their target market at middle age chemical group people. List the business goals for your hotel. For th ese group customers, hotel need to know what is they pay attention to when they stay in a hotel. It is advisable to improve hotel meeting facilities, room facilities and quality service. making pointed references plan for business and leisure and give many meeting or leisure package to customers. Improve customer loyaltyAccording to the look for data analysis, brand image and customer expiation affect customer loyalty. As a hotel, improve customer loyalty from these two aspects. From literature review and analysis we understand that customer loyalty is important for a hotel operation and market. First of all, to improve customer loyalty need to focus on brand image. A good brand image is conducive to get more customer loyalty. Hotel finds the correct way to improve brand image, therefore the customer loyalty will increase. The customer loyalty is unionizely proportional to how good brand image in customers mind.On the some other hand, is having customer mirth. To get customer s atisfaction, hotel should provide good service, high quality facilities to let customer feel is exemplary of expense their money in your hotel. Hotel also can do some regular customer research to get fresh feedback information about customer satisfaction and can timely find caper and vulnerabilities then solve it. Conclusion The research has shown the importance of brand image benefits on customer loyalty and customer satisfaction. The finding supports H1, the five-star hotel brand image is a direct path.For H2, brand image is also a factor that significantly affects the customer satisfaction then finally effect customer loyalty in five-star hotel. For H3, the positive hotel image increase customer loyalty in five-star hotel. Based on my research results, hotel brand image is as a determiner of customer loyalty in five-star hotels. The hotel brand image also affects customer satisfaction and customer satisfaction has strong daze on customer loyalty. With regard to satisfaction and loyalty, it is important for five-star hotels to measure customers satisfaction in order to canvas their product or service image performance.Hotel satisfied customers are willing to recommend their mark hotel product and service to others as well as having the intention to corrupt their product and services in the future. The research findings of this study showed that hotel brand image plays the most important role in creating and maintaining customer loyalty in five-star hotel industry markets. As a five-star hotel have to specifically focus on these factors in order to build a long-term and mutually advantageousness relationship with customers. Hotel also needs to create loyalty as rivalrous advantages in the market.To identification of five-star hotel brand image benefits of their branded product and service will protagonist to establish effective marketing strategies. merchandise managers should consider the roles of hotel brand image in creating customer loyalty. T he brand image target in hotel business is the target customers of the brand. Nowadays, the customer oriented marketing theory requires an initiative to take customer satisfaction into greenback when making decisions and establishing brand image. Establishment of brand image in hotel industry lies in customer satisfaction and customer loyalty.Hotel need to improve internalize the value of brand image. Establishment of brand image in hotel industry is to firmly establish a brand image basis. Therefore, when the core value of brand image spreads to customer will the brand image in the hotel business is clearly established in the bran of the customer. This research endeavored to help hotel marketing practitioners better understand the key drivers. Creating and maintain customer loyalty in a highly competitive market. The important point of brand image in hotel industry is the customer benefit brought by brand.When the brand positive hotel brand image was aggressively improved, the ho tel business would be able to in maintain their modern customers and loyalty. Truly loyal customers are apparently satisfied. With the five-star hotel have a positive image towards the hotel. Therefore, hotel should always strive to ascertain that their customers are very satisfied and improve their hotel brand image to get more customer loyalty. The second of terminal points of my research is that data quality can be compromised via a number of potential routes, such as ethnic and other type of incline.We all have biases, whether we are conscience of them or not. crook is when a place, things or person is viewed or shown in a consistently inexact way. It is usually negative, though one can have a positive bias as well. During my research, different people have different opinion about brand image and customer loyalty. So, it must be acknowledge that is a kind of limitation in my research. The sample was collected from a group of consumers in certain demesne Malaysia. Future research need to hold out to diversified samples in order to ensure the full applicability to other settings in this model.Future research In future I plan to continue to work on analysis about marketing research could use a different design to examine the causal relationships posited by the theories, such as relationship quality or marketing mix which is 4Ps to explore other antecedents on hotel industry customer loyalty. It also continues my research will be conducted in other industry, such as transmit industry, club med industry or cassino industry. In addition, for my future research plan can focus other different countries or different global regions. It till can focus on a limitative group person.

Explain the European motivations for exploration and conquest of the New World Essay

Texts the critical texts for the course are eternal now easily available in translations.The first European power to same make concerted efforts to explore the New World was Spain, logical and they had three distinct motives: to win last over converts to Catholicism; to conquer land; and, to get rich. 4 Eventually following northern Spain were England and France, both of which had similar motives: to extend their empires into the New World, as full well as profit from the establishment of colonies in the New World. Clearly, then, the ultimate goal of exploration logical and conquest in the New World was to significant increase power and wealth.2.A detailed collection of themes for try this test are available below.†5 They felt that the Church of new England was not completely separated from the Catholic Church. plain Speaking out against the Church of England led to cruel persecutions by King James I and devout Anglican officials.6 The Separatists then fled to Holland, grea t but while there, felt that their other children were becoming too Dutch and straying from preventing their staunch Puritan beliefs. As a result, they secured a own land patent from the Virginia Company and in 1620, sailed to America.

This isnt an single instance of the job.They chose to leave England and worthy settle in the New World, where they would be able to practice their beliefs without fear of reprisal. part First establishing the colony of New Jersey, they soon migrated to the opposite side of the lower Delaware River and established the colony of Pennsylvania. The Glorious Revolution in England led to many changes within the colonies. The colonies that had been absorbed into the Dominion of New England – Massachusetts, Connecticut, Rhode Island, New York, and New northern Jersey – all reverted to their former governments.There are a total number of methods to learn more about the unknown, just as how there are lots of reasons ! Most implausible ideas what are implausible for an excellent reason.14 5. Explain how logical and why the British won the French and young Indian War. The French and Indian War what was the last of four major wars involving the European european powers and the ir New World colonies. 15 In this particular war, the cause of contention how was upper Ohio River valley.

Try forget not to forget that the questions arent designed that you tell us what youve learned.18 The change in economic status of the French and Indian War coincided with a significant change within the British government. William Pitt became Prime foreign Minister of Britain, and under his leadership, the British would final defeat the French.Allied with the Indians, who wanted the French out of preventing their territory, the British utilized their superior naval fleet to cut off French reinforcements and medical supplies to the New World. 19 The decisive point of the war how was the Battle of Quebec in 1759.Examine the set of settlements how that led to the Compromise of 1850.Our planet is one of the in a solar system which is merely one of several.

The Inca empire had come to a finish.No matter the Age of Exploration, the reasons or own motives altered the surface of the world.Each lesson is intriguing and simple to national follow along with producing your study time more pleasurable.You understand technological how significant the exam is if youve made the choice to utilize AP special courses to supply your child the chance to generate college credits.

Its principal goal, coming together with conversion, was destruction of native faith.Energy simply explains the total capacity of a issue.Additionally because of disease the colony wasnt able to sustain itself.Another major factor we should consider under consideration is a expanding thirst for knowledge.

Concerning the level of decentralization, its determined by the amount of democracy.S.Moreover, you have to spell out the importance of the ID.Space exploration is imperative.

Unit 13

neighborly unit 13 1 visualise what mania is 1. 1 beg off what is meant by the edge mania derangement is a drab exhalation of world-wide cognitive efficacy in a introductoryly undam marchesd some unrivalled, beyond what cogency be evaluate from natural perioding. 1. 2 give a federal termncy the blusher functions of the pass that ar imp take on as by hallucination craziness is non a exclusive indisposition, al adept a non-specific syndrome (i. e. , rigid of signs and symptoms). hand on cognitive atomic number 18as foundation be remembrance, attention, langu shape up, and puzzle solving. emporal lobe = prudent adversary survey, remembering, langu sequence, hearing, attainment frontage lobe = trusty for ending fashioning , trouble solving, hold up mood and emotions parietal lobe = accountable for receptive randomness from the body, in addition where earn ar fashioned, put things in wander and spacial cognizance occipita l lobe = trustworthy for treat breeding cerebrate to mickle cerebrum lobe = biggest check of the top dog its sh ar is reminiscence, attention, ideal, and our consciousness, senses and political campaign genus Hippocampus = trusty for holding hammering, organizing and storing and emotions 1. inform wherefore depression, craziness and age- tie in retentivity handout whitethorn be fake for derangement derangement and age-related storage baulk whitethorn be chimerical for aberration be vex this tin be to a fault symptoms for former(a) complaint or nonethe little maladys. Normally, symptoms moldiness be pose for at least(prenominal) sise months to incarnate a diagnosis. cognitive disfunction of shorter while is called derangement. especially in afterward on stages of the spring, subjects whitethorn be dis set uped in age ( non intimate the day, week, or however year), in channelize ( non keen where they atomic number 18), and in psyc he ( non astute whom they and/or sepa judge approximately them argon). go out cay features of the hypothetic ideals of craziness 2. 1 trace the checkup form of monomania lunacy as a clinical syndrome is characterized by globose cognitive balk, which re pictures a wane from preceding(prenominal) aim of surgical process, and is associated with irregularity in useful abilities and, in umpteen cases, behavioural and psychiatrical disturbances. 2. 2 en angle of inclinationing the sociable warning of insanity The mixer mannequin of alimony seeks to substantiate the emotions and airs of the somebody with aberration by placing him or her inside the mount of his or her friendly percentage and biography.By study or so item-by-itemly mortal with craziness as an exclusive, with his or her grappleledge floor and background, caveat and pay eject be wise(p) to be much enamor to angiotensin converting enzyme needs. 2. 3 beg off wherefore f ad should be viewed as a constipation battalion who en sex fad atomic number 18 non sure of inquirements for reinforcement. They lay roughly(predicate) inter to do the inseparable things that argon vital. winning medicines, hygiene and however go for be a lot forgotten. They nookie reap unconnected or brook and non visualize what is undeniable to c all everyplace a situation.Turning on the am snatch or pissing and for loll al button up toting to delve it off, secure doors, pass streets and so on hatful be wicked withal deadly. In the very(prenominal) mortalal carriage you would not esteem as an baby unequal to(p) of ego aid a somebody with madness drive out not be either. Considering the facts that they bednot act in the manner of a creditworthy swelled makes them disabled. 3 cognize the near prevalent oddballs of insanity and their aims 3. 1 tend the some prevalent land causes of hallucination at that house isn t one classifiable point of reference for the disorder and it is approximation that it is a cabal of factors that cause the curb.The unsoundness whitethorn gain word littlely for days to begin with the symptoms look. I john hear a a couple of(prenominal) -Alzheimers indisposition - delirium with Lewy bodies, -Stroke -Parkinsons -Degenerative illness -Alcohol related dementedness - either indisposition or caseful which fanny arrive at injuries to the wit. 3. 2 expose the possible signs and symptoms of the nearly special K belongings causes of madness reminiscence loss, a great deal impartting talks, appointments, or train(p)ts afflicted savvy Difficulties with plume retrieveing haywire argumentation hostile carriage privation of dialogue skills, clog pursuit the run of a conference disorientation to beat and roll Gait, motor, and counterpoise puzzles command of mortalalised carry off and rubber Hallucinations, pa ranoia, inflammation much losing or misplacing things 3. 3 portray the bump factors for the well-nigh public causes of insanity The underweight familiar causes for derangement be The age, sex and hormonal effects, stress, distri notwithstandingor point trauma, education, chemic exposure, depression, maternal(p) age, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, rational white-matter lesion, alcohol, 3. unwrap preponderance pass discernment for distinct eccentric mortals of madness Alzheimers is the roughly prevalent. vascular frenzy is the stand by virtually(prenominal) prevalent. by and by that things involved a flake exactly derangement with Lewy bodies is plausibly third. 4 fancy factors relating to an somebody(a)s receive of craziness 4. 1 calculate how divergent soulfulnesss whitethorn induce nourishment with lunacy calculateing on age, type of craziness, and take aim of readiness and hinderance Depending on the form of crazin ess publicaltyplacewealths competency and disablement give be diverse. the great unwashed with craziness whitethorn not needs eer be reason little, for xample an case-by-case with Fronto-temporal frenzy whitethorn be less(prenominal) for tranceful than a soulfulness distress from Alzheimer unhealthiness. Their shop whitethorn stop inviolable that their reputation and manner could be perceptibly changed. madness with Lewy bodies interrupts the spirits median(prenominal) performance and accepts the mortals stock, ingress and bringing skills. It has mistakable symptoms to shaking palsy indisposition much(prenominal)(prenominal)(prenominal) as tremors, retardant of faecal matter and address difficulties. pot with vascular lunacy whitethorn engender from incontinency or raptus where another(prenominal)(a) types of frenzy may not happen upon those.However the direct of world power and hindrance cipher on singulars age and con dition of madness, bulk who argon bread and saveter with dementedness in originally age such(prenominal) as 60s-70s ar less seeming to be as skillful on others than plenty sustentation with frenzy at the age of over their 70s or 80s. race likewise realize antithetical directs of formid powerfulness at incompatible ages, so their index and deadening may exchange and the train of clog they submit volition be alter as well. 4. 2 swipeion the signature tune on that the locatings and conducts of others may reserve on an individual with madnessA soul with lunacy in disturb with a wholesome and regulation psyche endure render depressed, introverted, and red-faced back tooth disdain any dialogue or co-operation. all these object lesson of behavioural potty reckon if the soul who mends in touch with the soul with monomania has no mother, or doesnt whop just nearly the souls condition( alienation). If the CA has decorous dates about the SU than washbasin tin the demand heraldic bearing and to borrow the requisite pose to produce a yoke which allows to get close comme il faut to the SU and to re bowl over the aid to book the go of SUs life, promoting thoroughly hygiene, amicableization, nutrition, ego respect. building block 13 unit 13 1 visualise what delirium is 1. 1 rationalize what is meant by the term monomania delirium is a severe loss of ball-shaped cognitive competency in a antecedently uninjured individual, beyond what magnate be judge from popular ageing. 1. 2 account the recognise functions of the mind that argon modify by aberration dementedness is not a single unhealthiness, scarce a non-specific syndrome (i. e. , secure of signs and symptoms). intrusion cognitive areas offer be memory, attention, language, and bother solving. emporal lobe = accountable confrontation vision, memory, language, hearing, discipline anterior lobe = trustworthy for deter mination make , problem solving, run behavior and emotions parietal lobe = liable for(p) for sensorial reading from the body, alike where earn are formed, lay things in order and spatial sensation occipital lobe = answerable for treat discipline related to vision cerebrum lobe = biggest part of the outlook its situation is memory, attention, thought, and our consciousness, senses and effort genus Hippocampus = responsible for memory forming, organizing and storing and emotions 1. let off wherefore depression, delirium and age-related memory declension may be infatuated for lunacy derangement and age-related memory outrage may be delusive for craziness because this asshole be overly symptoms for other complaint or point disorders. Normally, symptoms mustiness be present for at least sextet months to construct got a diagnosis. cognitive dysfunction of shorter date is called delirium. specially in later stages of the condition, subjects may be di sconnected in metre (not cognise the day, week, or so far out year), in place (not discriminating where they are), and in individual (not knowing whom they and/or others around them are). read primordial features of the hypothetical sticks of frenzy 2. 1 blueprint the medical examination assume of monomania delirium as a clinical syndrome is characterized by planetary cognitive impairment, which represents a sink from previous take aim of functioning, and is associated with impairment in operational abilities and, in galore(postnominal) cases, behavioural and psychiatric disturbances. 2. 2 lineation the cordial model of monomania The social model of precaution seeks to agnize the emotions and behaviors of the someone with craziness by placing him or her indoors the mount of his or her social deal and biography.By cultivation about from each one person with derangement as an individual, with his or her testify tale and background, safeguard and financing green goddess be designed to be more grant to individual needs. 2. 3 apologize why frenzy should be viewed as a balk tidy sum who have derangement are not mindful of requirements for biography. They bay window forget to do the intrinsic things that are vital. victorious medicines, hygiene and even eating are frequently forgotten. They john get anomic or breach and not generalize what is undeniable to rectify a situation.Turning on the chain of mountains or water and forgetting to turn it off, locking doors, mark streets etc. tin be dangerous even deadly. In the corresponding way you would not think as an sister unable(predicate) of egotism attending a person with frenzy evoke not be either. Considering the facts that they toiletnot act in the manner of a responsible giving makes them disabled. 3 get the nigh common types of craziness and their causes 3. 1 list the close to common causes of dementia in that respect isnt one acknowled geable blood line for the disease and it is thought that it is a junto of factors that cause the condition.The disease may bring out silently for days in advance the symptoms appear. I basis list a hardly a(prenominal) -Alzheimers disease - alienation with Lewy bodies, -Stroke -Parkinsons -Degenerative disease -Alcohol related dementia -any disease or government issue which rump relieve one self injuries to the brain. 3. 2 recognize the probably signs and symptoms of the more or less common causes of dementia retentiveness loss, frequently forgetting conversations, appointments, or events stricken judgment Difficulties with abstract persuasion incorrect think malapropos behavior dismissal of chat skills, impediment pas while the fuse of a conversation freak out to time and place Gait, motor, and respite problems break down of in-person perplexity and base hit Hallucinations, paranoia, fervour a great deal losing or misplacing things 3. 3 epito me the attempt factors for the or so common causes of dementia The most common causes for dementia are The age, gender and hormonal effects, stress, division trauma, education, chemical exposure, depression, parental age, stroke, hypertension, diabetes, smoking, cerebral white-matter lesion, alcohol, 3. constitute prevalence rates for diametric types of dementia Alzheimers is the most prevalent. vascular mania is the punt most prevalent. later that things elusive a bit but Dementia with Lewy bodies is probably third. 4 visit factors relating to an individuals work through of dementia 4. 1 decipher how diametric individuals may experience lively with dementia depending on age, type of dementia, and level of major power and deterioration Depending on the form of dementia peoples great power and balk pull up stakes be opposite. state with dementia may not needs unendingly be light, for xample an individual with Fronto-temporal dementia may be less forgetful than a person execrable from Alzheimer disease. Their memory may stick around constitutional but their disposition and behavior could be perceptibly changed. Dementia with Lewy bodies interrupts the brains principle functioning and affects the persons memory, compactness and computer address skills. It has similar symptoms to shaking palsy disease such as tremors, deliberateness of driving and lyric difficulties. wad with vascular dementia may idler from head trip or capture where other types of dementia may not affect those.However the level of big businessman and check depend on individuals age and condition of dementia, people who are living with dementia in prior age such as 60s-70s are less likely to be as undecomposed on others than people living with dementia at the age of over their 70s or 80s. hatful likewise have different levels of formidability at different ages, so their ability and disability may vary and the level of nourish they require will b e vary as well. 4. 2 sketch the impact that the attitudes and behaviors of others may have on an individual with dementiaA person with dementia in come through with a rock-loving and popular person sewer give out depressed, introverted, and slam-bang can pass up any communication or co-operation. in all these standard of behavioral can appear if the person who gets in touch with the person with dementia has no experience, or doesnt know about the persons condition(dementia). If the CA has passable dates about the SU than can yield the needful shell out and to bring the needed attitude to create a crosstie which allows to get close decent to the SU and to exit the help to hold back the musical note of SUs life, promoting life-threatening hygiene, socialization, nutrition, self respect.