Museum Exhibit Design Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Museum Exhibit Design - Coursework Example In a way this commercializes art which partially necessary but may not be health if exhibitions are dependent on market forces or sale of paintings. It would make exhibits sustainable and interesting as well if workshops by known artist will be conducted along with the exhibits to engage the audience in several ways. First by letting them see the creative process of painting, by letting them experience the joy of painting through the workshop that would eventually draw larger audience. Source of revenue to sustain the exhibit is two-fold, first is on the sale of the art work and second the proceeds of the workshops. Art is not just a means to express our creative self and to heighten our aesthetic sensibility but also an effective social commentary. Presenting diversity is a wonderful theme in art narratives but limiting it to race is somewhat lacking because race is just a portion of diversity. I think it would be wonderful to include gender, diversity of perspectives and even diversity in style. A same subject probably can be rendered in diverse method and perspective. For example, the same portrait can be rendered through impressionism, classical, bistre and alla prima method giving the audience not only the narrative of the subject but also the breadth and narrative of how can it be rendered. Interpretation can also be expanded say for example, from a feminist point of view, racial point of view etch. This would provide audience different experience and perspective with the same subject and sort of educating them that there are a lot of ways to look at

How Chris McCandless Died Essay Example for Free

How Chris McCandless Died Essay Krakauer\s Into the Wild analyzes the whole story of Chris McCandless, a young fellow, who in 1992 strolled profound into the Alaskan wilderness and whose SOS note and withered body were discovered four months after. Globally top rated creator Jon Krakauer investigates the fixation which drives a few people to examine the outer furthest reaches of self, abandon human advancement and look for illumination through isolation and contact with nature (Krakauer, Pp.160). Chris argued that \The essential center of a man\s living soul is his obsession for the enterprise. The delight of life originates from our experiences with new encounters, and thus there is no more prominent bliss than to have an unendingly evolving skyline, for every day to have another and diverse sun.\ (Chris McCandless). McCandless looked upon some literary figures that influenced the decision into leave behind everything that the parents provided and go on an adventure in dangerous Alaska. The literary heroes discussed below had a complete influence from the books they wrote that Chris read and hence getting motivated about the journey. Chris had a similar connection to Leo Tolstoy since Chris’ was an outstanding group of Old Russian Nobility. The connection with Leo was acquainted with Chris\ Life (Madjid, Pp.131). The connection they shared influenced Chris to admire Leo as his legend. In spite of the fact that, He viewed Leo\s way of life, he additionally read books from Leo which influenced to admire what Leo had felt. For Example, a book composed by Leo Tolstoy called Anna Karenina, Leo expressed that \Every single cheerful family is similar; each despondent family is troubled in its way.\(Leo). Chris\ life can be associated with the character into the story since McCandless was additionally despondent with family because Chris\ folks had furnished with all that was needed; it is the thing that made Chris is miserable inside family. The family had felt that giving everything fulfilled Chris’ desires; however, concerning Chris\ view it didn\t make a happy life. Amid Chris’ enterprise, he had gazed upward to many characters (Merkley, Pp.163). However, one that emerges the most was Leo Tolstoy; this was on account of Chris had life and perspectives like Leo. Chris required motivation, from the saints and Leo Tolstoy turned into a most noteworthy legend all through McCandless’ trip. Tolstoy influenced Chris profoundly in the path of asceticism and seeking an alternative to middle-class living. Henry Thoreau was a notable figure in the American philosophical movement of Transcendentalism. This philosophy revolved around the possibility that the foolish congruity of the encompassing society was not sufficiently adequate in life (Harms, Pp.126). Undoubtedly an ideal approach to wind up plainly a visionary is to forfeit your living close by and frame a stable bond with the nature around you. Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer displayed Christopher McCandless, a man who was propelled by these early visionary figures, and before the finish of the trip, Chris is tantamount to Thoreau. McCandless discovered the truth in introspective philosophy. A visionary has solid convictions in evading human connections, realism and grasping mysticism. The primary thing Chris did was surrender family, the general population that was nearest. This was the initial phase of turning into a visionary since they trusted that human connections meddled with the capacity to associate with nature genuinely ( Vera, Pp.52). Chris additionally turned out to be exceptionally irritable and ambiguous with the general population that came crosswise over as he bummed a ride, making a point to maintain a strategic distance from human connections. Chris once stated, \You are incorrect if you think Joy radiates onlyfrom human connections. God has set everything around us, and you should simply go after it.\ (79). Chris had a disposition that influenced it to appear as though clearly nature is the subordinate of happiness. Chris didn’t have time for human connections just like Henry. \Jack London is King\ this was cut into a piece of wood found at the transport where Chris McCandless\ body was found. Chris McCandless appreciated Jack London as a man and an essayist (Brandt, Pp.189). Chris went into the wilds of Alaska to demonstrate that he could live off the land, with no advanced accommodations, and no human contact. Jack London composed stories about men and creatures encounter the earth, and survival against hardships, which were composed of his own life. His works included independence and the investigation of the laws of nature. Chris needed to investigate his own independence, his identity, and how he was to carry on with whatever is left of his life. London, a communist, and drifter, lived and worked among poor people and lower classes and related to their predicament. He tramped for a period, as did McCandless. McCandless, similar to London, searched out and related to minimizing individuals living on the social edges (Brandt, Pp.190). Chris\ aspiration in life was to be unified with nature and investigate. He needed to find the world for himself. It didn\t make a difference to him on the off chance that others viewed as foolish; pursuing his fantasies made a difference more to him than taking into account others\ reactions. \ANY MAN WHO WAS A MAN COULD TRAVEL ALONE.\ McCandless basically did not trust that there was have to rely on others to survive. For the duration of Chris\ life, he overlooked relations with family and declined to be too sincerely associated with anybody met on the journey to Alaska. McCandless blossomed with independence and one\s capacity to make his own particular way. \YOU CAN HARDLY WAIT FOR MOTIVATION; YOU NEED TO FOLLOW IT WITH A CLUB.\ (Hanssen, Pp.195) As confirmation from the book, Chris ends up being an extremely willful and firecracker individual. Chris is certain beyond a shadow of a doubt of objectives and won\t let anything block on them. Conclusion Chris had a life philosophy that life is more of interaction with nature and sharing the happiness but not just the family relationships. McCandless demonstrates this veneration in one of the most recent days of his life when he composes a short farewell to the world: \I HAVE HAD A HAPPY LIFE AND THANKED THE LORD. FAREWELL, AND MAY GOD BLESS ALL!\ (199). In the last snapshots of McCandless\ life, he communicates actual inclination about the long excursion by lauding God alongside every other person in his life. This demonstrates profound regard to God for brave and satisfying life by saying thanks to the sky (Krakauer, Pp.195). McCandless regularly discusses religion is putting trusts that God has taken a substantial part in making life so energizing and in this manner feels thankful for it. Christopher McCandless takes the Transcendentalist way of life by disengaging himself from society, living with just basics and following transcendentalist religion full-heartedly. Chris’ life decisions and philosophical thoughts are demonstrated through the voyage to Alaska and take after the perfect Transcendentalist life to an adequate degree, which is the reason such a large number of Transcendent adherents alike and not-alike end up noticeably charmed by his character and his story in Krakauer\s Into the Wild.

Louis Tanner Of Destroying Angel And Rick Deckard Of Do Androids Dream :: essays research papers

Louis Tanner of Destroying Angel and Rick Deckard of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep: Importance to the Thematic Development of "moral men in immortal worlds" and Body Mind Invasion How would you feel if you found out you where making love to any android? Shocked I hope. In this essay l will discuss how Louis Tanner of Destroying Angel and Rick Deckard of Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep are important to the thematic development of "moral men in immoral worlds" and body mind invasion. Is Tanner a moral man in an immoral world? What is considered moral or immoral? We know from reading Destroying Angel that Tanner is a good person. Tanner is the type of person whom we say would "do the right thing" in certain situations. He's honest and honorable. If Tanner makes a promise, he keeps it. He made an agreement with Rattan, where Rattan would be shipped to New Hong Kong illegally in return for the name of the chain killer. Rattan is a drug dealer with a lot of money to waste. He's also the only person with the information to catch the chain killer. To get justice the moral must cooperate with the immoral. We also know that Tanner is not a womanizer. He had his chance with Hannah but did not take advantage of the situation: "No Hannah"(136). Tanner had more worrisome thoughts than making love to a good friend. He wanted the murderer of all murderers, the chain killer. As a cop he never captured the chain killer. This person fused chains to people's bodies and then threw them into the water. For Tanner who was now a retired cop, it was as if a spark lit up in him. All the old memories fled back into his mind. The nightmare of his partner getting shot on a "drug bust gone"(13) wrong began to replay in his mind. He had a conscience; therefore, he could never forget what was done to his partner nor the victims of the chain killer. One of the many other themes found in this book was body mind invasion. When Tanner was still a cop, slugs worked at the police station whose job was to "solve almost any problem" (16). These people were constantly injected with reason enhancers to help them solve investigations. Now that Tanner was retired, the slugs working at the police station probably looked "Distended and distorted"(16) after all these years of taken drugs. Although they took the enhancers, they did not help in finding the chain killer. The only person that

Ama, Learning Essay

In this essay, the learning cure theory will be discussed, and also applying to L+H fashion limited (L+H) which will benefit by using the learning curve. In the last section, the limitation of learning curve will also be discussed. Part A (i) Introduction for learning curve theory Learning curve is a concept that measuring the experience of a skill gained by an organization, and how fast it can be master. As the experience gained, the workers performance will be improve, time taken will be decrease, and therefore the productivity will grow up. Also, according to Steven (2010), learning curve is a significant technique for management to predict the time needed for the future task (p. 1). It can also be useful for the several areas, for instance, making a pricing or budgeting decision, estimate the wages cost and planning schedule of work. In addition, learning curve is based on the task doing by human and must be in repetition. And Steven (2010) point out that the learning curve doesn’t help to reduce cost, it only occurs when the management take action. Introduction for the organization. In the following section, the learning curve theory will be apply to L+H Fashion Limited (L+H), they are manufacturing of knitwear which is 100% hand made and also made in Hong Kong, from design, product development, knitting, linking, stitching, labeling to packaging. (ii) Introduction First of all, the learning curve can be applied in L+H since there are many procedures is doing by human and those procedures will unchanged because of L+H is only produce the knitwear, also those procedure are in repetition. Such as stitching, the workers have to stitch up those parts of the knitwear by hand. In this situation, the learning curve can be apply, because if the worker stitching the first knitwear, it will spend more time to find out the way. Move to the second one, the worker will more confidence and faster to stitch it, in repetition the task, the worker can be more efficiency. Furthermore, since they would like to be a high fashion brand in Hong Kong, and providing high quality knitwear to the other high fashion brand, so they are now considering should they accept the new contract, build up their own brand or both. The learning curve can be use to helping them to consider the budgeting, pricing, detecting the design bugs, future operation decisions and determine the human resourse. Budgeting In this case, if the learning affects taken into L+H, it is easily for them to evaluate the rate of learning and the time reduction. It can provide a reliable standard to measuring the actual performance of the product line. Therefore, the management can obtain the most near information, giving them a forecast of revenues and expenditures. Thus, they can evaluate their performance, and control the waste from error, setting the budgeted goal. Beside the goals set by the learning effect is more motivation for the workers. Such as production budgeting, they can estimate the production unit to meet the budgeted goal. Since they would like to provide the knitwear to the new contract, they can forecast the cost, human resources and material need for the new contract. They should use learning curve, because the simple analysis will ignored the learning effect, so that the performance may underestimate. It can also help to set a standard for guiding the workers, use to  make sure the quality of knitwear, control the cost and to establish the bonus plan. So that the management can confirm the knitwear having a high quality to fulfill their goal that being a high fashion brand. They can also estimate the product cost, since the cost is foremost element for pricing decision To conclude, it can help L + H for budgeting, since it can give them a accuracy forecasting, to let them set up a budgeted goal to motivate the workers, to measure their performance more exact, and the management can use to set out a guide to standard the task. Pricing It can help in pricing strategic. Since the learning curve can be determine the cost, manpower for the task and predict time of the whole project. For instance, the procedures of knitwear are made by the workers, so that the labor costs become significant factor. They can foresee how much for the labor cost before they accept the contract. Also the material cost. In addition, when the production increase and the cost will be drop down, they can sell the knitwear at a lower price, and attracting the new customers choosing L+H and to gain the market share at the high fashion cycle. So that they can produce more knitwear and the cost will be further decrease. To summaries of the pricing, it is helpful for them to making price decision, use to having a lower price which is attracting the new customers. Decision making – future operational Thirdly, it can help management to making decision for future operation by using the data provide by learning effect. L+H can consider should they provide the knitwear to the other brand or build up their own brand. Because the resources are limited, they can find out the most profitable future operation decision. In additional, they can also consider should they provide training course to the worker, to make the procedure become more efficient. Furthermore, they can plan to make advertising or giving discount to the customer, because they become more efficient and the cost will be deduced, so that they can have more budgets. And this action can make them become more famous and attract the new customers. In concluding of this part, it is useful for them to find out the business orientation which is most benefit for them, and the future action should be making. Detected the designed bugs  Moreover, they can find out the designed bugs and correct it immediate. Since the L + H will do the task repetition, so that there are more product produce with the same equipment. The designer can seek out the insufficient of the design of knitwear. It is help to devolve their product and make it more perfect. Moreover, it can help to reduce the waste of error and also to reduce the labor hours since they can find out which part is wasting resources and to redesign the knitwear. Thus, they can know how to use the lower cost to make the better knitwear. To sum up, since the designed bugs can be detected, they can prevent the waste of material, time and the labor hours. Also it can used to improve their product. Determining human resourses For determining the human resourses, as L+H become more efficient, the management can reassign the manpower, eliminate the unnecessary task or recruit additional worker. So that they can ensure the contract can be finish on time and the quality won’t be affect even they have to produce more knitwear. At the same time, the human resourses can be use in the best way. It can also help to plan the schedule of work to hit the production target, and forecast of the date of delivery. A round up of this part, the human resourse can be reallocate, and it is useful for cost saving. Part B Limitations Firstly, there is an assumption of learning curve that the production must be continues less of significant impediment. In case of the impediment occur the learning curve will be change. For example, when the entity employed a new worker to participate the activity, because of the learning curve performed by the experienced staff, the new worker will not be subject to learning curve. Secondly, any change of the learning environment such as design, the supply level and quality of materials, employee’s morale and people attribution, will affect the learning curve. For instance, the upgrade of facilities may affect the knowledge of the worker, their productivity may drop down, so the learning curve may obsolete. Also, since learning curve is based on the time of producing, nevertheless it is hardly to ensure the real data obtain for the calculation, so that the management expectation may be wrong. The company culture may also influence the learning curve, such as the bonus for workers, working hours per day. For example, the worker zeal of the task will decrease when the job nearly end, it will make the curve drop down. In additional, difference people having difference absorptive capacity, so that the time of finishing task will be difference. Lack of consistence is fail to meeting target which is decision by learning curve theory. Last but not least, the learning curve need the task is in repetition, if the task is not repetitive the learning curve cannot be applied. To conclude of the whole essay, the learning curve is a tool for management making decision and to become more efficiency to reach the goal. Also, the learning curve can be use in many ways. In part A (ii), discussed in the application of learning curve in L+H, they can use it for budgeting – helping them to set out the company goal and guidance, pricing – to having a lower price to increase their price competitiveness, decision making – to decide the most profitable general direction, detect the design error – to make the design become more perfect and determine the human resourse – to use the manpower most efficient. So that they can seek out the best way to continues their business. In the next part, the limitations of learning curve are discussed. There are six limitations have been probe, the learning curve is lack of continuity, there shouldn’t have any change of learning environment, the difficulty of obtaining the information, the company culture, human learning ability and the repetition of task. Reference List 1. Steven, Grahame, (1999) ‘The learning curve: from aircraft to spacecraft? ’ Management Accounting, May 1999 2. http://secure. gslb. cimaglobal. com/Documents/ImportedDocuments/ma_may_99_p64-65. pdf [assessed 01. 11. 2012] 3. Steven, Grahame, (2010) ‘The learning curve: The key to future management? ’ Research executive summary series, 6(12) 4. Steven, Grahame, (2004b) ‘Steep in history’ CIMA Insider, Jul/Aug. , pp. 23-24 5. Steven, Grahame, (2004a) ‘A minor departure’ CIMA Insider, Sep. , pp. 24 6. L+H Fashion Limited http://www. lplush. com/LplusH. html [assessed 01. 11. 2012].

Social Protest Essay

The kid was taller and more built, Michael could have easily punched the officer one time and that one time could have sent the officer flying. Tamari was a 12 year old boy who was shot in a span of 1 HTH 0 2 seconds by a police officer. The reason? Tamari was complained by a fellow neighbor Of him owning a pellet gun. A pellet gun is not harmful and can be purchased for 20 dollars. All of the SE are different stories of how young black guys were shot and killed, but yet all tie up into on e big thing. They were treated unfairly and racial profiling was probably used.Racial profiling is a main problem in Minnesota because it contravenes the 14 the amendment, distracts law enforcement, and it prevents communities from w irking with the law enforcement. This problem could be resolved if the police force can recruit be utter police officers who are well taught about racial identity. All 2 My first reason on why racial profiling is a main problem in Minnesota is that t contravenes the 14 th amendment. The 14th amendment was ratified in July 9, 1868 , and it states that no state may â€Å"deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection o the laws. Racial profiling means a standard of unequal protection. Blacks and even LATA no's are most likely to be searched by police officers and are less likely to be treated as libidinal g citizens, but this is opposite for the whites. Blacks are treated unfairly for no apparent reason. This is unfair for Blacks and Latino because this problem causes internal segregation between n them and the police officers. My second reason on why racial profiling is a main problem in Minnesota is the at it distracts law enforcement. The law enforcement are generally seen as responseSiebel people who protect citizens from criminals, but what I have noticed in the past few years I n the current society is that police officers are being charged of â€Å"racial profiling' due to their today police work. If the police officers hav e â€Å"too many† law enforcement interaction ins with minorities, it shows that the police officers are not going where the crime is, but because they are racist. What I mean when I say â€Å"too many' is that officers keep arresting people with color for small petty things. Blacks are being harassed for no apparent reason. Ay that the police force are racist because they don't think before they do.P Alice officers judge minorities who are usually Africanizing. Mr.. Chris referring to a story that Rage once told him said, † Rage was walking down the street with his broth err one day when a police officer told them why are you walking down the street? † This was very r assist of the police officer because first of all he kept harassing them. The police officer jumped I not conclusions and thought they were just kids that were up to no good. He didn't even realize e that up ahead All 3 there mom was on the same street. She was a bit faster than her own sons w ho w ere being slow. Knot know why the police officer had a problem with this. Do they not have s errors crime work to do? In their spare time why can't they stop doing absurd things? Did the pool ice officer not realize it was broad daylight? The sad part of this was that Rage and his broth her were heading to their uncle's funeral and they had to come across a foolish police. My third and final reason on why racial profiling is a main problem in Imines tot is that it prevents communities from working with law enforcement. If a specific race is arrested instantly, then communities may not work with police officers.Why should t hey work with police officers if even the police officers themselves are the one who are judge Eng them? An example of this is the incident that happened in North Minneapolis last Mont h. A young black resident of North Minneapolis was out and about in his community and was k knocking on doors to encourage his fellow neighbors to vote for this year's election. The young bal ace man did this because he didn't have the opportunity to vote because of his past criminal AC divinities, but the young black man was changing for the better. Mayor Hodges and the young b lack man took a selfish together of them pointing at each other.A TV report misguided the info urination and blurred the black man's face and this he was wearing. The police officers we re angry at Hodges because apparently she was â€Å"flashing' a North gang sign. This shows t hat the police officers and the TV reporters were racial profiling because they were racist. The eye jumped into conclusions and didn't see what good the young black man was doing for his community. So in conclusion, racial profiling is a main problem in Minnesota because it co intervenes he 14th amendment, distracts law enforcement, and it prevents communities s from working with the law enforcement.The problem could be resolved if the the police officers are taught that Alai racial profiling is wrong. Police officers should have a sense that they are not n control. They can't overpass the law. When a police officer is being recruited he should have lessons taught to him. In every 3 months the officer is inspected on his performance. Also police e officers should first see what the problem is and not just conclude things. To stop all deaths police officers must wear cameras on them. The cameras must be on all time, so that if a black GU y is shot we can have evidence on what happened.

DBQ #1 essays

DBQ #1 essays Although New England and the Chesapeake region were both settled largely by people of English origin, by 1700 the regions had evolved into two distinct societies. In 1607 when the New England and the Chesapeake region colonies planted was intended originally for the same purpose, becoming independent of Spain. So exactly why did this difference in development occur? The three major factors were location, attitudes, and beliefs. With a difference in location, attitudes and beliefs where one is from seems to be of little or no importance! Which factor played the biggest part is almost impossible to decide. The locations of the two colonies are in and of itself were completely opposite. The New England Colony's growing season was shorter than that of the Chesapeake regions was. The New England Colony's land was poor and you could not collect furs or even fish very easily, making life difficult. The local Indians taught the settlers how to grow maize. The Chesapeake region settlers did not know how to make the best of the areas wildlife and fish. In addition, one could not depend on supplies from England. The attitude made a big difference also. The New England colony had a positive attitude for the most part. The Chesapeake region had several problems with people's attitude. When the settlers started to plant and farm the well to do adventurers did not like the idea of manual labor. They came here for different reasons (money) not to make a farm settlement. Beliefs were incredibly different. The New England Colonies John Winthrop wrote the famous sermon A model of Christian Charity aboard the Arbella on the Atlantic Ocean. It deals with primarily with equality. It also recognized the fact that there were different conditions of humankind, That God in his holy and wise ways had decided. Someone else's problems were your problems and vise versa. It also acknowledged the importance of working together i ...

Solutions To Burundi Civil War essays

Solutions To Burundi Civil War essays So far, the 10-year civil war against the Tutsi and Hutu in Burundi has been inevitable. Every solution that tried to take effect on the problem in Burundi has failed. Africa is steady losing focus and beginning to look at Burundi as a lost cause because of the inevitability to create a truce. Thus, there are still some possible solutions that can bring peace or at least stabilize Burundi for many years. One solution to possibly bring peace to Burundi is to form policies. In order to formulate a policy, the policy maker will need to understand the nature of the conflict. Making major policies will help support Burundi in the hope that it may help preserve the status quo and maintain stability. Although Tutsis only make up 15 percent of the population of Burundi, they dominate all political and economic aspects of the country. They also run the military. So one proposal to possibly bring peace to the on going war will be a power-sharing agreement. A power sharing agreement would integrate the army and create a multiethnic parliament with equal representation of each ethnic group. The proposal also calls for power to be handed over to a democratically elected government after a transitional period. Cease Fire Agreements can also come into play with the Burundi Civil War. With Cease Fire Agreement, neither group can open fire on each other for any reason. If in effect, the Tutsi and Hutu can focus more on peace talks to create a resolution, agreements, and policies. The last solution to help stabilize Burundi is enforcing peace by military engagement from dominant countries. This would have to be the last solution because this solution would occur if neither group came to a truce. Through military engagement, the dominant nation would probably have to divide the country between both nations, create a government, control the economy, and secure the borders. ...

How to Write a Business Email (Updated for 2019)

How to Write a Business Email (Updated for 2019) Business emails are a pillar of modern communication. On any given day, the average office worker receives over 80 emails. That’s a lot of communication. While we send a lot of emails, many of them are not effective. Everyone’s inbox holds those difficult to read or process emails, hanging around because the recipient is unclear on how to reply or act. Don’t let that happen to your business emails. Etiquette, style, and format are essential to writing emails that get results. This article will highlight best practices and walk you through an effective business email, step-by-step. By integrating these methods into your email preparation, you will write better emails and improve overall communication. Four Key Questions: There are four questions that you must consider as you begin to draft a business email: 1. Who is My Audience? In all business writing, the audience is the top consideration. Who you are writing for will determine how you write your email. The reader will determine the tone, formality, and content of the communication. Your email’s reader may be your colleague, client, or supervisor. Each reader will have a different background, project knowledge, and priorities. You can use project acronyms with a colleague who has the same deep project knowledge as you do. Those same acronyms will be confusing to an executive who needs an update for budget forecasting. With your audience at the forefront, you will always write a more effective email. The audience includes all the people included in the sender fields. This includes the To:, CC:. and BCC: fields but main focus should be on those in the To field. Writing for the audience also means using these fields correctly. The ‘To:’ field is for the direct audience who needs to reply or take action from the email content. The ‘CC:’ field is for readers who need to receive the email conversation for reference or clarity, but do not need to take action nor reply. The ‘BCC:’ field is for the audience who only needs to see the initial email and none of the later chain of replies. Incorrect usage of the sender fields is a common business email mistake. It occurs when the audience and their roles are not thoughtfully considered. Use the Bcc field very judiciously. Often it's best to forward an email separately, with a brief statement on why you're sending this information. 2. What is the Purpose? An email must have a purpose. And it must have only one purpose. This email practice is called the ‘one thing rule’. Each email should cover only one specific item, task, or request. Covering multiple actions in one email can cause confusion and inefficiency. One email should not include both client report revision notes and a scheduling question for the quarterly meeting. This scenario calls for two separate emails. By limiting emails to one thing, the email is easier for the recipient to understand, process and act upon. This clarity increases understanding and productivity. In practice, we sometimes have to ask for several pieces of information related to the same topic. In this case, use a numbersed list to clarify for your reader that the request has components. This will help your reader respond easily and ensure you receive all the specifics you need. I need you to review these three items before we release the sketch to the production team: Content Design Color choice 3. Is This Email Necessary? There is a tendency to over-communicate by email. While email is efficient and provides an electronic paper-trail, not all communication should occur over email. Ask yourself: â€Å"Is this email really necessary?† Perhaps a quick phone call or a ping on the company messenger is more appropriate. If you’re expecting a lot of back-and-forth on the topic, a short conversation can eliminate a lengthyemail chain. Choose the right channel to send information. Email is great, but it's one channel. 4. Is Email Appropriate? Email can be used in many scenarios but is not always appropriate. If you are delivering bad news, do so in person or buffer the email thoughtfully. An email is impersonal and is difficult to convey empathy or compassion. If you must write a business apology email follow these rules. Sensitive information sent by email runs the risk of being accidentally shared. There are plenty of cases of email mishaps, ranging from funny to serious. Whether the information is personal contact or personal opinion, consider whether it’s appropriate for an email. If you wouldn’t want it accidentally shared, be very thoughtful about how it is sent in the first place. If you are unsure if an email is appropriate, ask yourself if you'd be comfortable with that email being projected in a meeting. Attending the meeting are your boss, all your future bosses, and your mother. If it passes this test, then send it. If not, there is likely something that is not appropriate. Email Style Business emails have a very specific style. They are professional but brief. They should be written to be skimmed, but with enough information to allow a complete response. If you like this article you may be interestedin our online email writing course. Tone Finding the correct tone can be the biggest headache in drafting an email. The tone changes based on your audience. It can range to formal to friendly but is always professional and should always be matched to your audience. Wordy politeness can often be overlooked in efforts to be brief in emails. However, please and thank you should be included anytime it is appropriate. Avoid ALL CAPS because it SOUNDS LIKE YOU’RE YELLING (and could route your email to the spam folder). If you wouldn’t shout the statement in person, don’t shout it in an email. Instead, use italics,underlining or bold to emphasize important points. Example: Vacation requests must be submitted at least two weeks in advance. Notice the harsh tone if the bold text is swapped for caps: Vacation requests must be submitted AT LEAST TWO WEEKS IN ADVANCE. One exception: Do use all caps in email headings when writing to any organization that strips html formatting from email. The military, military academies, and some financial institutions with strict security protocols often strip html formatting. Headings are very helpful to readers. They allow a reader to skim and find information easily. They're a business writer's best weapon against information overload. Avoid excessive use of punctuation or emojis. Exclamation points should be used sparingly! Emojis continue to have a larger role in digital communication and several style guides have approved their judicious use in business writing. I follow the rule of only using them after the other party has sent one. They should never be used in formal business emails. Format Emails are meant to be skimmed, so they should have plenty of white-space to assist the reader. Use shorter paragraphs, lists and bullet points to streamline the information. And, use headings to break up concepts and allow a reader to skim. In addition, awkward formatting copied from other documents or emails can be distracting. To have seamless formatting for your email, strip the text formatting of the new content by using your email client’s Remove or Formatting function. Here are the most common formatting features and how to use them. Font: The font is the typeface that you should choose for your email. It is best to choose a sans serif (a typeface without decorative strokes at the end) as they are more modern and simple and easy to read onscreen. They are also easier to read at a small size. Gmail uses Sans Serif as the default. You could also use Arial, Helvetica, Tahoma, Terbuchet MS, or Verdana. Text Size: You should try to keep your email in the normal size. This is between 10–12pt. Bold: You can use bold for headings and to emphasise important text. Bold text catches the eye of readers as they scan the email. Italics: Italics are a softer way to draw attention to an area of text. They are used to bring emphasis to an area of a sentence. They do not make words stand out when the user is scanning a page the way bold text does. Italics should also be used for titles of full works. Underline: Underlined text can easily be confused for a link. When writing an email, it's best not to use underlined text to draw attention to an area of an email. It is better to use bold or italics. Text Color: You should avoid using multiple text colors in an email as it draws the eye in to multiple locations and looks unprofessional. It is likely that your email program makes your hyperlinks blue. Alignment: Business writing uses text that is fully aligned left. Academic writing indents the first sentence of a paragraph five spaces. In business email, you will never need to indent the start of a paragraph. Users scan pages in a F-shapped pattern. By changing the alignment it makes it more difficult for the reader to skim. Numbers: Using a numbered list can help organize content where the sequence is important. For example if you were describing steps you would want to use a numbered list. Bullet Points: Bullet points are a great way to create white space on your page and draw attention to related items. Bullet points work best for unordered lists. Indent More: In business emails you should not indent the first sentence of a new paragraph. A line break represents the start of a new paragraph. The indent more button allows you to add an indent to text. This is useful on rare occasions when you want to indicate that some information is a subset of what preceeded it. It creates a visual indication that the indented information is less important. Indent Less: This allows you to move your content to the left Quote Text: If you are referring to quoted text you should use the quote text function. It provides a slight indent to your content and a grey vertical line to the left. This shows readers that you are quoting text. Remove Formatting: If you are pasting text into your email it is vital you use the remove formatting function. Otherwise you will paste the text styles and it will be obvious to your reader that you copy and pasted that text. To use this function select the text you want to remove formatting. Then click the remove formatting button. Email Overview Let's dissect each section of a business email to highlight best practices for you to implement in your writing. Subject Line The subject line is the mini-summary of your email. It provides the biggest opportunity to ensure your email gets read. The goal of a subject line is to get your reader to open the email without tricking them. It is also the place where mistakes are most commonly made. Think of it as your email’s headline. It should be a 3- to 8-word overview of the content. Subject lines that are too brief or too lengthy cause confusion. If it makes the email seem difficult or confusing to reply to, the recipient may not open it immediately or at all. Bad Examples: ‘Important!’ ‘For Your Review’ ‘Questions About Expansion Performance Target Report Deadline Extension Request† For Client Meeting’ Good Examples: ‘Your BookShop Order Delivery Dec 2’ ‘Client Report Revisions: Please Review by 4 PM’ ‘Expansion Report Extension Requested until Friday’ Email clients will also review the subject line for signs of spam. This is especially important for sales teams who may be cold-emailing clients. Certain terms are flags for spam algorithms and may be filtered to a Junk folder. Avoid using words such as ‘Sales’, ‘Please read’ or ‘Profits’, or having one-word subjects.Also make sure you are replying to the correct thread. Do not use an old email thread for a new topic. Greeting Your greeting should be professional and concise. It is always preferable to address the recipient using their name, but it may not always be possible. Good afternoon, Greetings, Dear Ms. Jones: Hi Jeff, (salutation format) Hi, Jeff. (sentence format) Brief Pleasantry If you’re emailing someone for the first time, your opening line could be a short pleasantry connecting you and the recipient. One sentence should be enough. Indicate how you connected. This reminder will give the reader context for the following information. â€Å"It was great to meet you at last night’s networking event.† If you’ve received something from the recipient, offer your thanks. It could be a thank you for an offer of assistance, for an interesting piece of content they shared or even for simply reading the email. â€Å"Thank you for sharing your article on management strategies. The findings are valuable.’ ‘I appreciate you taking the time to help me with this project.’ If you want to keep it general, warm well-wishes will do. ‘I hope you’re well!’ Omit a pleasant greeting if you’ve recently or frequently communicated with each other. Be very careful of overspinning pleasantries at the start of the email. The purpose of your email should be the overt start. Remember the acronmy B.L.O.T- bottom line on top. What do you want your reader to know or do? That's the most important opening. Purpose As previously noted, each email should address just one thing, one purpose. This task, request or information should be presented clearly and directly after the pleasantry. This is the B.L.O.T- bottom line on top. Be concise and direct. Don’t hide your request or it can easily be overlooked or ignored. ‘Please provide your feedback on the budget.’ ‘Can you participate in the project kick-off meeting next Thursday? ‘Did you have any revisions to the final report?’ Remember the acronym B.L.O.T. - Bottom Line On Top Additional Information Some business emails may require additional information for the reader. It could be clarification on the task, a link to resources or examples, or other helpful information. This information should be included thoughtfully. Only directly relevant content should be added. Call to Action Near the end of the email, include a specific call to action. The email is being sent to accomplish one task. The call to action should leave no confusion as to your request. Do not assume the reader understands the desired result from prior information. Emails can easily be misinterpreted if there is any grey area. This statement should include the specific action and the timeline. If you are sending the email to multiple people, clarify task responsibility by directly naming the intended person. Clarification of tasks and expectations allows for the recipient to respond more effectively. Bad examples: â€Å"Can you take care of this?† â€Å"Let me know what you think.† Good examples: â€Å"Sarah: can you forward the survey to all staff by Friday at noon, please?† â€Å"I’d appreciate your feedback on the draft agenda. If you have any edits, please send them by tomorrow, Tuesday, at 10 AM.† If you would like a confirmation, you can phrase the call to action as a question. If the call to action is a notification that does not necessarily require a reply, you can structure the call to action as a statement. Closing Message The closing message simply indicates that the email is complete. While it is not a requirement in modern email writing, a brief, polite phrase will nicely round out your email. ‘Thank you for your time,’ ‘I look forward to your response,’ ‘Kind regards,’ Sign-off Signature The end of the email includes a sign-off of your name. The phrasing should match the formality of the email. Most formal: Dr. John Smith Dr. Smith John Smith Least formal and most common: John Your email signature is a type of electronic business card that is appended to your email. It should include the most important context and contact details for your reader. This is the place to help your reader with relevant contact or contextual information, not brag or insert philosophical quotes. Images and logos can be useful, but be aware of the sizing and how they will appear on mobile devices. Attachments and Links Any referenced attachments or links must be included in the email. Either name the file so that it is clearly identified or include the document title in parenthesis immediately after you mention it in the email. Don’t make the reader go hunting for the information they need. If an attachment was sent to the recipient previously, attach it again anyway. This way, they can easily access the information rather than searching through their inbox. Of course, double-check that the file is attached and correct. Forgetting to include an attachment requires an unnecessary (and embarrassing!) reply requesting it, which can delay the work. Links can be directing the reader either to websites or to intranet directories. These hyperlinks can be lengthy and distracting in email text. Instead, integrate the hyperlink into the existing sentence. Good example: You may find this technical writing resource useful in preparing the report. You should also test the link to ensure that it opens the correct site. Review Once your email is composed, do not click send. Yet. Take a moment to review your email. Check for grammatical or spelling errors (Grammarly has a helpful free tool). Typos suggest carelessness and can even convey incorrect information. Double-check dates, times, names, links, attachments and other specific details. Triple-check that the correct recipients are in the sender fields. Our Favorite (Free) Email Hacks Undo Send Have you ever clicked send and then gasped in horror? Perhaps it’s an ‘I didn’t mean to send it to that Brad!’ situation. Or it may be the less embarrassing but still annoying ‘I meant to include Brad on that email!’ scenario. Thankfully, some email clients have found a solution to this potential embarrassment with the addition of ‘Undo Send’. In Gmail, you can enable this function in Settings. You can choose from a 5 to 30 second cancellation period. In OutLook, you can recall an unread email sent to a recipient with an Exchange account in the same organization. This feature does not work will in practice because if it has been read by anyone, it cannot be recalled. In this case, simply forward the email with an error and state your apology and clarification. Canned Responses in Gmail Do you send the same email over and over again? Save time by using Canned Responses in Gmail. This function allows you to save standard emails. When you would like to send the standard reply, simply select your preferred prepared template in the Compose window. You can also set Canned responses to send automatically to inbound email with specific details. Filters and Folders Is your inbox overwhelming? Thoughtful use of filters and folders can help reduce email stress. You can label and even color-code emails from specific people or even whole domains. These labels will allow the emails to be easily archived once read. You can set up filters to automatically mark as read or archive low priority reference emails, like a delivery tracking update. A short investment in setup time will provide long-term time savings. Schedule Emails with Boomerang Are you working late, but want your email to arrive in your client’s inbox first thing tomorrow morning? You can schedule emails to send at a specified time in the future using the Boomerang add-on. Caution:If you are sending information to recipients who report to you, don't send late evening emails because it can create an expectation of 24/7 work across your team. Schedule the emails to send at the start of normal work hours. Keyboard shortcuts Drafting an effective business email takes time. However, you can save time by using keyboard shortcuts. Save clicks while selecting emails, marking unread, adding a hyperlink and more. Check out the shortcuts for Gmail and Outlook. Track email opens If you’ve ever sent the email: ‘I’m just checking to see if you got this.’, then you should be using email tracking. There are a wide range of email add-ons and applications that will track if your email is opened by the recipient. Conclusion The volume of email we receive and send can sometimes diminish our motivation to write an effective business email. Consider the four key questions when preparing an email. Write it in a way that is concise yet clearly conveys the information and request to the reader. Your reader, and their inbox, will appreciate it.

What are advantages and disadvantages of arbitration in international Essay

What are advantages and disadvantages of arbitration in international law Discuss - Essay Example Out of the necessity to find a systematic way to resolve business problems alternative dispute resolution systems (ADR) gain tremendous popularity. The most common and utilized ADR is arbitration. This paper studies international arbitration law by analyzing how it works and providing examples of real life arbitration cases. It provides insight into the advantages and disadvantages of utilizing arbitration to resolve conflict in international business affairs. Arbitration is a relative new concept in the modern business world. One of the first cases in which arbitration was utilized in a business transaction in the 20th century occurred in 1943. In that year the New Your City Council Claims’ Manager Council appointed a committee to as an arbitration board to resolve to arbitrate certain automobile physical damage subrogation claims dispute that arose among the members of the council (Arbfile, 2002). Arbitration had been utilized previously to find peaceful resolutions to war conflicts and by diplomats to solve problems between nations. Contrary to common beliefs the roots of the utilization of arbitration were not planted in this century, they date back thousands of years. Alexander the Great utilized arbitration as a means to settle territorial disputes arriving from a peace treaty he had negotiated with the Southern States of Greece in 337 B.C. (Massey). Current and past history demonstrates that arbitration has always been a com monly utilized method to find resolution to problems involving countries and territories around the world. Arbitration cases in business disputes involve two parties with a problem in which neither of them whishes to take the case to court and are unable to resolve the problem themselves. In order to find a solution the parties decide to delegate the responsibility of finding a solution to a person or panel of people. The

Fire Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Fire Report - Essay Example Now fires in Tall buildings have become a prominent possible reason for collateral damage of both life and finances. These structures pose an equal threat to the neighboring structures as well. The only reason that designer didn’t previously considered it as a potential threat was that occurrence of these events are very less. But detailed studies after the WTC event have shown immense levels of flaws in the fire protection systems of tall buildings. The recent examples of fires resulting into complete collapse are the WTC 1, 2 and 7. Then the complete collapse of Apartment Block in St. Petersburg, Russia in June 3.2002, then Jackson Street apartments in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada in Feb 8,2002. A list of collapses has been provided in the Appendix 2 of all the collapse that was seen in the past. The concept of fire proof construction is that the despite the complete burnout of the structure, the structure must not collapse at any cost. For this there are two steps that are tak en by the standards and other implementation bodies. Firstly the building should be resistant to fire for a certain level which about 3 hrs, this is done to safeguard from the collapse of structure and secondly an effective fire protection system should be in place, which is present for the purpose of detection, fire fighting and for effective evacuation of inhabitants. At present the only International Building Code IBC 2006 solely has prescriptive fire resistance construction regulations and bounds the designer to follow it for protection of structure against fire. IBC is also supported by National Fire Protection Association and other similar organization, which I have discussed in detail in later sections. The Approach of this report would be very similar to the process involved in designing a fire resistant Tall building with effective fire protection system. Characteristic of Tall Buildings As we are well aware of the processes through which the fire protection facility is bro ught into commission, where the first phase is the analysis and requirement determination of the fire protection, then the second is the design of these required systems, the third is the construction and finally the maintenance and operations of these systems. Before the commencement of the design phase of a fire protection system the first and foremost step is to evaluate and analyze the building features and when does it become of detrimental to design a prefect system. What are the different category of buildings and the types of construction. The first and basic categorization is on the basis of number of stories, under which the building which has more than 7 stories is declared as tall building. Then these tall building or high rise building are subdivided into four property classes, where first is Apartment Buildings, second being Hotels, Hospitals and other facilities that care for the sick and Office Buildings being the third and fourth type. On the other hand the discrimi nation is made on the basis of construction material. According to National Fire Protection Association, (NFPA 220, 2006) there are two basic types of construction: it either burns (combustible) or it does not (noncombustible). These types of construction can be further broken down into five categories. Type I is fire-resistive construction which majorly consists of materials such as

Economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 28

Economics - Essay Example An isocost line is a line showing combinations of inputs that would yield the same cost. Therefore, the word isocost implies that the cost of the given factors of production are constant along the certain activity level and thus can be used for the planning and decision making purposes. In the above figure, L denotes the amount of labor utilized by the producer and K denotes the amount of capital utilized by the producer. It is evident from the figure that along the line the cost of both of the factors of production is same and the total cost of production is also shown on the graph for different cost lines. With the help of isocost lines, most economic and cost beneficial decision can be made for getting the desired output. This graph also shows that isocost lines are the straight lines and the only different in them is that they shift up or down the graph showing the same pattern for different activity levels. These isocost lines are parallel because each reflects the same relative resource price. Given a  production function, an isoquant is "the locus of input combinations that yield the same output level." (Chiang, p. 360) There is an isoquant set for each possible output level. Mathematically the isoquant is a  level curve of the production function. Isoquants is a concept relating to the quantity of input required to produce a certain level of output. For a given level of output, there are certain levels of input of production factors that yield the same level of output. If the ratio of two or more of the factors of production is changed then the resulting yield of those input factors can be same for all of the combinations of factors. This implies that the concept of isoquant deals primarily with the cost minimization problems of producers. The above figure shows different levels of labor and capital required to produce a certain output of a particular product and the curve shows that different combinations of input resources can be made to

The north and south labour systems and effect on American Civil War Essay

The north and south labour systems and effect on American Civil War - Essay Example According to Levine (2005), southern secession happened because they wanted to fight for the maintenance of the slavery institution in the United States of America. This is because their economy largely depended on the labor that was provided mainly by slaves. The northern part had grown economically because of the increased immigration from Europe. Therefore, they had enough labor for their production activities. There were many industries in the north and people enjoyed liberty and freedom that was characterized by the availability of land for everyone. On the other hand, the south depended on bonded labor for production. Few people owned large parcels of land in the south with many people owning small pieces of land. Many others were slaves and had to work on the large farms owned by few. In the years before the start of the civil war, Americans in the North and Northern west had different economic interests with the Americans living in the South and Southwest America. Despite the fact that the civil war in America was caused by a combination of other factors, the divergent economic interests contributed to the animosity that existed between the North and the South. They contributed to the establishment of the confederacy and the victory achieved by the union. The United States of America was an agricultural hub before, during and just after the civil war. Three quarters of the population in America lived in rural areas. The rural areas comprised of farms and small towns. Despite the fact that factories were established in the North and South, the establishment of industries and industrial manufacturing activities took place in the North. In 1860, the South had an estimated 25 percent of free population but only accounted for 10 percent of the capital of the country. The development of industries in the North was five times more that of the South. The number of factory workers in the North exceeded that of the South by ten times. Ninety percent of the skilled labor in the United States of America was in the North (Levine, 2005). The above information shows that the labor characteristics in the North and South were remarkably different. Labor in the North was expensive and laborers were not tied to a particular station. Workers were very active and mobile. The competition in the labor market was intensified by the immigration from Europe and Asia. This influenced the rising of wages in the sense that wages remained relatively constant (Levine, 2005). The economy of the south was founded on the labor provided by African Americans who worked as slaves. They were exploited, oppressed and forced to provide cheap labor. Mo st white families did not own slaves. Out of 1.6 million families, about 384,000 owned slaves. Most of the families who owned slaves had about 20 slaves or less. However, those who owned many slaves were about 10,000 and owned large plantations. When Eli Whitney invented cotton gin, southern planters and farmers

Urban Problems in Texas Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Urban Problems in Texas - Essay Example Issues such as crime and overcrowding plague Dallas, Austin and San Antonio just as much as they are likely to plague cities like Chicago, Los Angeles and Detroit. However, Texas also faces some urban problems that remain unique to the state because they are largely the result of the speed with which the state developed these areas as compared with the (sometimes) centuries that other cities in the United States have had. Between the 1970s and the early 1980s, cities in Texas were recording record rates of growth in population (Texas, 2007). This was due to the influx of new residents from other states in the union who were seeking the sun and had heard about the low property taxes. This large influx of people provided an abundant and constantly increasing labor force which further helped to attract new businesses. In addition, Texas as a state generally held numerous pro-business traditions such as a notoriously low number of available labor unions, an already high and increasing la bor force, low taxes for businesses, a close proximity to numerous natural resources and a proliferation of city governments that were favorable to growth and development, frequently offering even more incentives for businesses to move to their area. As a result of this boom, though, the urban areas of Texas are now experiencing a general decline that seems unlikely to be curtailed in the near future. This decline is the result of an aging population, urban sprawl to the suburbs with the result of greater poverty within city limits, disintegrating infrastructure, increased crime rates and mandates to meet with increasing federal and state requirements while federal aid hits an all-time low and low state taxes have precluded any ability to overcome these challenges. By the late 1980s, economic conditions in Texas cities had dramatically changed from the boom they saw in the previous decade including the aging, or graying, of the urban residents and subsequent loss of the

The north and south labour systems and effect on American Civil War Essay

The north and south labour systems and effect on American Civil War - Essay Example According to Levine (2005), southern secession happened because they wanted to fight for the maintenance of the slavery institution in the United States of America. This is because their economy largely depended on the labor that was provided mainly by slaves. The northern part had grown economically because of the increased immigration from Europe. Therefore, they had enough labor for their production activities. There were many industries in the north and people enjoyed liberty and freedom that was characterized by the availability of land for everyone. On the other hand, the south depended on bonded labor for production. Few people owned large parcels of land in the south with many people owning small pieces of land. Many others were slaves and had to work on the large farms owned by few. In the years before the start of the civil war, Americans in the North and Northern west had different economic interests with the Americans living in the South and Southwest America. Despite the fact that the civil war in America was caused by a combination of other factors, the divergent economic interests contributed to the animosity that existed between the North and the South. They contributed to the establishment of the confederacy and the victory achieved by the union. The United States of America was an agricultural hub before, during and just after the civil war. Three quarters of the population in America lived in rural areas. The rural areas comprised of farms and small towns. Despite the fact that factories were established in the North and South, the establishment of industries and industrial manufacturing activities took place in the North. In 1860, the South had an estimated 25 percent of free population but only accounted for 10 percent of the capital of the country. The development of industries in the North was five times more that of the South. The number of factory workers in the North exceeded that of the South by ten times. Ninety percent of the skilled labor in the United States of America was in the North (Levine, 2005). The above information shows that the labor characteristics in the North and South were remarkably different. Labor in the North was expensive and laborers were not tied to a particular station. Workers were very active and mobile. The competition in the labor market was intensified by the immigration from Europe and Asia. This influenced the rising of wages in the sense that wages remained relatively constant (Levine, 2005). The economy of the south was founded on the labor provided by African Americans who worked as slaves. They were exploited, oppressed and forced to provide cheap labor. Mo st white families did not own slaves. Out of 1.6 million families, about 384,000 owned slaves. Most of the families who owned slaves had about 20 slaves or less. However, those who owned many slaves were about 10,000 and owned large plantations. When Eli Whitney invented cotton gin, southern planters and farmers

Labor Relations in Different Organizations in The United Arab Emirates Essay

Labor Relations in Different Organizations in The United Arab Emirates - Essay Example The following paper analyses, types of work permits, the different categories of violations, and the human rights of laborers in the UAE. A look at the Dubai bank also provides input on the above issues (Allah 1978, p. 78). The beginning of 2011 saw the introduction of work permits in the UAE via the Cabinet Resolution No. 25 of 2010. They include; work transfer, temporary, part-time juvenile persons and personnel sponsored by kin work permits. The work transfer permit covers non-nationals working in the UAE transferred between organizations within the UAE of which must be registered by the Ministry of Labor. Temporary work permits, on the other hand, cover both national and non-national personnel working on a project for less than six months. Part time work permits cover individuals working part time for few hours compared to full time workers who work for extra hours (Allah 1978, p. 156). The number of hours specified by the Ministry of Labor for full time employment includes eight hours excluding lunch breaks; therefore, hours worked less than the outlined eight hours constitute part time employment. This allows both national and non-national personnel to take up more than one job unlike in the past, whereby, people were only allowed to have one job at a time. However, changes of the intricate details of this permit are still underway. This is because various issues keep arising with the encountering of different milestones. Juvenile persons’ permits cover young individuals between 15 to 18 years seeking employment within organizations. Permits for personnel sponsored by their kin cover dependants sought to work for an organization. Meaning expatriates finally have the opportunity to act as their dependants sponsors. This allows their kin to acquire work permits despite them not being eligible for any of the above listed permits (Allah 1978, p. 198). Therefore, the introduction of different types of work permits made it easier for the Dubai Bank Human Resource managers to recruit personnel in an easier way. For example, they were able to capitalize on the permits for personnel sponsored by their kin. This is because; they used these permits as incentive when soliciting the services of expatriates. These permits allow dependants of an expatriate to get employment easily because getting a work permit ceases to be an obstacle. Therefore, Dubai bank officials continue to embrace the gradual changes implemented by the Ministry of Labor (Pawan 2007, p.77). With the recent global recession, violations of labor regulations in the UAE increased dramatically. As a result, the Ministry of Labor came up with policies which sought to address these violations. Companies like the Dubai bank, therefore, readjusted their labor relation policies to accommodate the reevaluated regulations from the Labor Ministry. The Ministry made three categories of violations known to the public. Black points awarded by the Ministry showed the seriousness of the se violations. The more the black points earned by an organization, the severe the penalties imposed. Penalties were either fines or the organization would be downgraded in severe cases. The latter’s imposition occurred when a firm acquired more than 100 black points in any given year (Pawan 2007, p.119).  

Prison Nursing Essay Example for Free

Prison Nursing Essay I had been a nurse for 1 yr, and only worked in long term care. I craved a change in my career that was exciting, yet challenging; I decided to become a correctional nurse. I had no idea what was in store for me when I applied for a position with UTMB . I spoke with family and friends who thought I was crazy for wanting to work in such a hostile environment. Needless to say, I didn’t listen and followed my own instinct. When I was hired, I had not taken a tour of the facility; day one was the first time I walked into a prison. As I walked in the gate house, I was saying to myself â€Å"this isn’t so bad! I kept telling myself those same words the whole time I was taking my shoes off , letting my hair down to be searched, and getting frisked while checking for contraband. After the most violating pat down I had ever received was over, my heart began to pound. â€Å"What am I getting myself into? † Once in the infirmary I was given a brief description of job duties. By now my heart was in my throat, but I kept up the brave front . I learned that I would be working in our clinic with convicts that required inpatient medical care. My role was to provide nursing care only. A few things I had to take into consideration; they were convicts. They could be quite manipulative and they tried to test me every time I turned around. They asked questions about my personal life and they asked for favors. They would also ask me to bring in things from the â€Å"real world† or deliver items or letters. This behavior could be grounds for termination so any and every time I was asked to do any of the things I listed or anytime an inmate tried to get to personal it had to be reported. The inmate would then have to face disciplinary action. It was very hard to remember all the dos and don’ts while maintaing professionalism, as well as maintain safety and sanity. In the Texas prison system the inmates endure grueling conditions. In the winter its freezing cold, old boilers are all they have to keep warm. In the summer its smoldering hot, old noisy fans are all they have to keep cool. Being tender hearted as I am, I couldn’t help but feel sorry for them. I was raised to see the good in every body. I was also raised to believe in an eye for an eye. It was really hard to provide unbiased care when I knew I was dealing with a child molester or a rapist. I know we were trained to put all our emotions aside, but in reality my emotions would sometimes get the best of me. I only worked as a correctional nurse for a yr. I enjoyed working with other members of the medical staff as well as correctional officers. I actually enjoyed working with the inmates, providing medical care. I have had my share of inmates cursing and yelling at me and have witnessed situations I will never forget. I learned very quickly to be thick-skinned. I learned to be tough in order to do the job and survive. I still reminisce about the adrenalin rush I would get every time and emergency would arise. I’m glad I made the choice to work at the Wynne Unit it was definitely a life changing experience.

Causes of African American Immigration

Causes of African American Immigration Great Migration Slavery, captives these are the terms which are not separable from the history of the United States since the 15th century until today. Mallaika Adero, in a piece called, Up South Stories, studies and letters of African American Migrations mainly focus on the immigration of African Americans to north of the America. Adero was the former member of the class of the Howard university and she focused here studies on social sciences and perused her career as a senior editor. This article highlights the main reasons for immigration of blacks to the north such as better job opportunities, undesirable effects of natural disasters in south, and higher respect for women and children. Moreover, the article explains the political and cultural consequences of the great migration. The first and foremost important reason that clearly explains the blacks immigration is the job opportunities and higher wages that were offered up in the North. According to the author, up until 20th century, years after the slavery trade was ended, the vast majority of the black people still lived in the south and were considered to be the essential part of the agriculture economy. This trend seemed to continue until the first African American generation who were born free. Amiri Baraka stated that a psychological shift à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ made blacks go north (Baraka). Therefore, the new black generation on their path seeking for more freedom, higher wages, and in general better lifestyle began their way to the north. Besides the black peoples motivation to move to other parts of the nation, the north region merchants were interested in absorbing the black laborer due to preventing European immigration to the states during the world war I. This situation eventually led the demand for black workers to boost dramatically in the north. According to Adero, Negroes were allowed to work in factories that they were prohibited before. For instance, the industry of railroads, mechanics, and other manufacturing businesses were in need of black laborers. In addition to the better job opportunities, the second most important reason that was pushing the African Americans to the north was the natural disasters that were happening frequently in the south. The destructive floods and boll weevil insects were the two most important threats to the south businesses. The damage has been to the extent of a loss of 50 percent of the crop, estimated at 400,000 bales of cotton annually, about 4,500,000 bales since the invasion or $250,000,000 worth of cotton. (Adero 3). Based on the stated statistics, the industry of the south was negatively influenced by the insects attacking the cotton plants which consequently prevented the suppliers from improve their business. This situation lead more black citizens to lose their jobs and to distribute to the other regions. As the north areas were becoming a better place to live for the African American people, the black population was gradually decreasing in the south. In early 19th century, the black population in the north reached the limit that could enable them to strengthen their political and economic status by electing a leader from their race who could contributor to the congress. This could potentially be considered as one of the solutions to improve the black peoples power nationwide. However, the author describes this decision as an unwise move. She correlates the consequents of such a decision to the black people during reconstruction days. On the other hand, the author believes the black people should take an alternative path to the liberty when she says The Negroes should support representative men of any color or party, if they stand for a square deal and equal rights for all (Adero 9). The blacks community was developing as their men were getting more involved in the industry. Nearly, n inety percent of the jobs that required skilled labors were occupied by the black workers. This situation led the black community in the north to become more powerful and eventually establish themselves in the congress. One of the factors that played an essential role during the huge migration was the relation between minority and majority groups and how these two could become a complementary of each other. Alain Locke, American writer and philosopher, explains despite the definition of this two status, it has been proven through the history that there is a very narrow difference between them. Therefore, depending on the time and the situation, one could be considered the minority or the dominant majority. The author uses these attitudes to describe the environment existed in the north nations during the great migration.   According to the author, the great migration significantly affected the blacks community to lose their tradition and culture. However, the study of the history demonstrates that they were able to overcome all the cultural disorganization while gradually following the majority group in the society. Generally speaking, These two articles describe the black peoples immigration to the north after the civil war. The author attempts to clearly describe the main problems that African American were confronting through their immigration. Also, the effect of the migration on the black peoples culture and family life were studied by introducing the close relation between minority and majority groups in different societies. Works Cited Malaika Adero, Ed. Up South: Stories, Studies, and Letters of this Centurys African-American Migrations (New York: The New Press, 1993), pp. xvii-32. Alain Locke,   The New Negro (1925), pp. 442-451.

Persuasive Essay: England Must Stop Illegal Immigrants :: Papers Agains Immigration Essays UK England

If we, as a country don’t decrease the amount of immigrants in this country the population will be overrun by a lot of people who shouldn’t be here. I say a lot of people because a large number of immigrants have valid reasons for living in England. One of the main issues with illegal immigrants is that they work for a very small amount of money. They are doing the same quality job as your average tradesman but for a huge amount less. This means that most citizens are choosing to employ these less expensive workers. If all the illegal immigrants are doing the work, all tradesmen who have worked hard for there money for so long and become skilled at their profession will lose there jobs and become penniless. Most of these honest workers have built families and unfortunately if they are not getting employed for work they will not be able to provide and feed their families. An enormous amount of old war veterans have been denied council houses because of the rising amount of asylum seekers who are claiming asylum, these people all have to be given houses and are in large numbers so they take up huge estates of houses. These old people who once fought for this country deserve a house a lot more than these people who are entering the country illegally. A high percentage of illegal immigrants in this country apply for benefits and do not go out and find there selves jobs. They receive their money from all the hard working citizens that are paying taxes out of the money that they have worked extremely hard to earn. They just sit at home and get everything paid for them by the â€Å"social†. What is even worse is when they receive there benefits and also they get income from doing little jobs. They commit benefit fraud which is illegal. There are a minority of immigrants that support terrorist views; these people are plainly trouble makers.

Analysis of Ann Patchett’s “Bel Canto

In Ann Patchett’s novel, â€Å"Bel Canto,† various themes that are dramatic or psychological in content are explored. However, arguably the most notable among them is the strange nature and irony of fate, which also encompasses several sub-themes such as the abundance of passion and love in the face of death. These themes are highlighted mostly by the relationships between the characters and the development of their personalities. In general, the strange twist of fate is best depicted by the unusual relationships formed between the characters in the novel.These ties and bonds built can arguably be described unusual due to the backdrop of the story. Basically, the entire plot revolves around a terrorist group taking hostage various celebrities, politicians, and other prominent personalities for a several months while at the same time forming unique relationships with their victims in the process at the house of the vice-president of a Latin American country. Moreover, as the novel concludes, the so-called heroes or good guys aren’t exactly the ideal benevolent people one would expect and the villains or bad guys (Gioia n.p. ). Towards the end, the lines between the terrorists and the hostages are blurred as both groups become less hostile and friendlier to each other, which further added to the strange change in fate of the characters in the story. Ironically, it was as if all the hostages and the terrorists wanted to remain inside the home of the country’s vice president where they have been holed up since the crisis began. Moreover, as mentioned above, multiple unique relationships are formed between the characters of the book.The first notable one is between Roxanne Coss, the American Soprano singer, and her fellow captive, Katsumi Hosokawa, who is also one of her big fans. Although their romance is evident in the novel, it is somehow ironic because they could not understand each other due to a language barrier. In other words, alt hough Roxanne and Katsumi were not able to communicate verbally, they shared a passion for each other which aroused in the face of death—one of the sub-themes explored in the novel.However, like all the other hostages, Roxanne and Katsumi knew the painful reality that awaits them should there captivity ends. In chapter 10 of the novel, Kastumi reflected on the possible scenarios if they are released from their captors. â€Å"He understood that these were extraordinary times, and if their old life was ever restored to them, nothing would be the same† (Patchett 298). Meaning to say, Kastumi knew that he loved Roxanne and how full his life has become but also realized that their relationship could never exist in the world outside their captivity.This is highly ironic because like the rest of the hostages, initially, the only thing that Katsumi and Roxanne wanted was to escape from their terrorist captors and get their normal lives back. But due to the deep involvement of the two with each other and due to the romantic relationship they have formed, they no longed wanted to escape but instead remain in captivity, which is one of the best examples of the strange nature of fate explored in the novel.The same applies to the relationship between Gen Watanabe, Katsumi’s translator, and Carmen, one of the young female terrorists. The two became romantically involved with each other when Gen taught Carmen how to read. They would meet inside a closet every night for Carmen’s reading lessons and where they would also make love. In other words, like Katsumi and Roxanne, the two have also accepted the fact that their hostage-terrorist relationship cannot be revealed to anyone nor could it exist in the world outside.In the tenth chapter of the novel, after learning that the government forces would soon attack and release all hostages, the author described the reaction of the two: â€Å"So Gen should have said something more, and Carmen should have listened more, but instead she kissed him, because the important thing was to forget. That kiss was like a lake, deep and clear, and they swam into it forgetting† (Patchett 302). Meaning to say, the two have accepted their fate and the fact that their relationship would be short-lived. Instead of pondering on the upcoming reality, they chose to make the most their present situation by hugging and kissing.In short, the novel vividly illustrates the strange twist of fate between among the characters in the novel. In early chapters, the characters can be divided into two groups: the hostages and the terrorists. However, as the story progresses, in a strange twist of fate, those lines that divide the two groups become blurred as the captives and the captors began enjoying each other’s company. This is exemplified not only by the relationships formed between Katsumi and Roxanne and Gen and Carmen but in other characters as well.In one scene, Ruben Iglesias, the vice preside nt of the Latin American Country and owner of the house where the hostages were held in the novel, was shown playing chess with the leader of the terrorists, General Benjamin. The vice president also implied that he was considering adopting one of the young members of the terrorists, Ishmael. Therefore, it can be surmised that hostage crisis transformed nearly all of the characters in the novel to the point where they wanted to remain holed up in the vice-president’s house forever, which is exactly the opposite of what hostages usually feel when they are held captive.Over-all, the novel greatly explored a theme in which the fate of its characters took an ironic twist that added depth and color to the over-all plot. The strange yet unique relationships formed are the best examples of the theme in which the true identities of the characters were also revealed. Works Cited Goia, Ted. â€Å"Bel Canto†. 2008. The New Canon. com 11 May 2009 < http://www. thenewcanon. com/bel _canto. html>. Patchett, Ann. Bel Canto. New York: Harper Perennial, 2002.

Barriers to Effective Communication Essay

As we all know, Criminal Justice has two main types of communication which are Verbal and Nonverbal. Each of these are subsets or components in the communication area. These components help us to breakdown ideas of communication for a better understanding. For the verbal communication, there is a cluster with four different areas which include: Blaming, Directing, Persuading and Problem Solving. Along with these components for the verbal, there are also two main things for nonverbal communication which include: Body language and Written word communications. When we are in a conversation with someone, verbally speaking is not the only thing that comes with communicating well. There is also the fact that you must be a good listener as well so you can understand what the other person is communicating. According to Grubb, Hemby, â€Å"Generally there are three purposes associated with either casual conversation or public speaking: to inform, to persuade, or to entertain† (Matthewson, 2009). You need to be focused and pay attention to detail when someone is attempting to inform you on critical information. To build better communication and a better understanding of what someone is saying, try repeating or saying everything you just heard. It will help you to remember more of the important issues that were brought up in the conversation. For effective communication, you want to make sure that you are to the point of what you are talking about and avoid going off topic. This is make sure that you are able to clarify what the other person is saying and it will help any kind of confusion that may occur. You may also run into someone who does not speak English or speaks it very well. With this, you need to make sure that you are clear and precise on the topic and have an interpreter  just in case they need help understanding. In the Criminal Justice field, many officers, lawyers, probation and parole officers face this challenge on a day to day basis. For having different types of languages around us at all times, we must be prepared for anything that can happen in the communication aspect. Cultural differences can and do affect verbal and nonverbal communication. When you are using nonverbal communication, you must watch how you use your body language such as your hands, eyes, leg movement, and the folding of your arms. Using each of these in a certain manner can show the other person that you are uncomfortable, that you are not really listening to what they have to say and or you don’t care about what they are talking about. These can also show some signs of lying and stress if you are not careful. Law Enforcement uses these signs when they are interviewing and interrogating suspects. Giving direct eye contact but yet your body language says something else can be misunderstood as hiding something. There are many different variables dealing with communication as well. When we have a conversation, we should always make sure that we do not miscommunicate information and the way we can do this, is by being more alert and understanding the different methods of communication. In the 7th paragraph in his article, Grubb says â€Å"KISS is an extremely effective acronym. â€Å" Keep it Short and Simple† is not an indicator of lack of intelligence or professionalism but rather an efficient way to communicate. Some police officers, through a sense of misplaced importance, feel compelled to use language that is inappropriate for the situation- inappropriate in the sense that it does not fit well in the context of the conversation or in the message that the officer is attempting to convey† (Matthewson, 2009). When writing a report which is considered nonverbal communication, you want to make sure you are using as much detail as possible but making sure at the same time, you are not going overboard to where it drowns out the report. You want to make sure that you have enough information and enough details that it explains what you witnessed or what happened. There have been cases  where less description is also good in a report as well. Along with writing reports, when you are in the Criminal Justice field, you want to make sure that when you are emailing, you are concise and yet brief. By explaining too much in your reports, this can in fact potentially be thrown out of court by a judge. Communication Frustration plays a role in the Criminal Justice field by people misunderstanding what they are reading and what they are hearing. This can mean life and death in criminal justice organizations. If all the officers are getting briefed on a case where they have to apprehend a suspect, it takes one officer not paying attention and it could very easily cost him or her their lives. Understanding and communicating well are very important thing to master in any type of law enforcement agency. There are advantages and disadvantages with communications dealing with formal and informal. Having the formal communication, allows uniformity within the organization, having informal communication allows free flow of information, but tends to restrict uniformity. Another thing that goes along with having a hard time listening, is the fact that there can be outside stress like family issues, financial problems. There can also be external issues with listening such as being biased about the subject that is being talked about, the subject being boring etc. Having active listening and great feedback will help in good communication as well. There are three different barriers that are in effective communication. The first one is Individual Practitioner Barriers. This affects more of the community based correctional staff. With it affecting this area, some may lack basic knowledge, abilities and skills to do their jobs correctly and efficiently. Some that have lack of all three of these things, have never participated in the training that is required by that specific job. The second is the Organizational Barriers. This kind of barrier deals with barriers that are in their organization be it the police department, court houses, attorney’s offices etc. This also limits the full implementation of evidence based information and the correctional practices. When dealing with  correctional practices, you need to have all the knowledge to do your job correctly and without many or no faults. The third is Systemic Barriers. With this barrier, it deals within the criminal justice and the social service systems. This can cau se competition between the different agencies due to shortages in funding, difficulties in sustaining collaborations and the lack of support from the court system. Clients may be pushed away due to the community practitioners not having the power to control what happens in the system. My real world example of effective communication is the time I was living with my aunt back in Bryan, Ohio. She and her ex were seeing each other at this time. He was always coming over to our apartment spending time with her, cooking, cleaning, and helping with everything that he could think of. Everything was going wonderful for a long time. Communication was at its best between all of us. Then one day, he had been drinking and I was very ill lying in bed. I heard a lot of yelling and screaming from my aunt telling him to get out and him yelling back telling her to shut up. I heard some slamming around out in the living room so I got out of bed, extremely dizzy to see what was going on. I walked out and they were each on one side of the TV holding on to it. Well I stepped in and told him to get out of the apartment. She was in no shape for any stress and I was s o sick I just about couldn’t stand up straight. After I told him that, he took the TV and pulled it off the stand hitting me and my aunt in the back with it. Almost pinning me in between the glass coffee table and the TV. If I wouldn’t have moved when I did, I would have been severely cut. Needless to say, I got on the phone call the police and my aunt and I filed a police report. Later that day, her and I were pulling out of the apartment complex when we saw his van across the street. As soon as he seen us, he flew across into the apartment drive almost hitting her car. As she was backing up to the office, I was on the phone to the police once again. His van was so close to her bumper, u couldn’t put a piece of paper between them. If it was not for me being in that car, he said he would have killed her. No matter what situation or scenario you are in, communication is the main thing you need to have. If you do not have effective communication, then anything can happen. People can get off murder charges, rape charges, any type of abuse charges. As we all know, Criminal Justice has two main types of communication which are Ve rbal and Nonverbal. Each of these have subsets or components. References Henderson, M. L., Mathias-Humphrey, A., & McDermott, M. J. (2008). Barriers to Effective Program Implementation: Rural School-Based Probation (Vol. 72). Seattle, Washington, United States: Administrative Office of the United States Courts. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.apollolibrary.com/docview/213978183?accountid=458 Matthewson, J. (2009). Effective Communication in Criminal Justice: Process, components and various types. Examiner.com, 2. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from http://www.examiner.com/article/effective-communication-criminal-justice-process-components-and-various-types Wallace, H. &. (2009, January 15). Criminal Justice Law Exploring Issues, Developing Solutions. Retrieved December 12, 2013, from Criminal Justice Law: http://criminaljusticelaw.us/leadership/communication-frustration/

Abnormal psychology/depression Essay

Serotonin – A neurotransmitter involved in mood, sleep, appetite, and impulsive and aggressive behaviour. Definitions taken from www. allpsyc. com/dictionary If a person’s serotonin is too low it then results in depression. All three neurotransmitters must work together on an even level in order for the brain to function properly. It has been proven through autopsy results that low serotonin is apparent in a depressed person. However, this does not prove weather depression causes the serotonin level to drop or if low serotonin causes depression. Sigmund Freud described depression as a human response to loss. The psychodynamic approach to depression explains that the feelings of an adult reflect on the experiences of a child. If for example a child suffers the loss of their mother during childhood, this results in adult depression. Freud also argued that depression relates to early relationships with parents. Hostile feelings towards the parents are redirected towards the self resulting in hatred of the self. Feelings of depression can arise from lack of affection and love during childhood. Trauma of a child re-emerges in adulthood in the form of depression. According to Freud, the conscious and unconscious parts of the mind can come into conflict with one another, producing phenomena called repression (a state where you are unaware of having certain troubling motives, wishes or desires but they influence you negatively just the same). In general, psychodynamic theories suggest that a person must successfully resolve early developmental conflict in order to overcome repression and achieve mental health. Mental illness, on the other hand, is a failure to resolve these conflicts. Abraham in 1911 suggested that depression was the result of the anger felt towards a rejected loved one. The psychodynamic approach to depression is supported by the point that childhood loss predicts later vulnerability to depression. A cognitive approach to depression, suggest that depression is a state of mind. A person becomes depressed because of the way they think and feel. Cognitive – behaviour theory is different to that of Seligman and Abramson’s ‘hopelessness theory’ which suggests that people learn from childhood that they are powerless to control what becomes of them, as a result adults become passive and helpless. Beck in 1991 developed the cognitive – behavioural theory of depression. He argued that depression stems from negative thinking. â€Å"Depressed people suffer from a cognitive triad of negative beliefs about themselves, their future and their past experiences. † Giles B (2002:108) A cognitive triad of negative thinking: A negative view of the self A negative view of the world A negative view of the future Beck suggested that people who are prone to depression have developed a ‘self-critical’ and negative way of thinking and feeling towards themselves. Beck believes that negative thinking starts in childhood and is a result of been brought up by critical negative parents with whom the child identifies. Beck suggested that as a result of these early experiences the child develops into adulthood with a negative self schema. Both cognitive and psychodynamic approaches to depression suggest the childhood experience is the route of depression. Freud’s theory suggests that depression is a result of the loss of a mother or perhaps a negative upbringing, Beck suggested almost the same as he suggested that a negative family encourages a person to become depressed. Both theories’ hold the majority of responsibility on the upbringing of a child. However, if this as the case, all children in negative households would then become depressed. Freud’s research on depression was limited due to the year of study. At the time in history it was the norm for a family to be cared for by the mother. This is not always the case in today’s society, given this would children having suffered the loss of a father also suffer depression in adulthood. Biological theories do appear to have an influence on depression. Twin studies and family studies do demonstrate likelihood that depression is genetic. However, genes alone do not cause depression; if this was the case then every child born into a depressive family would there for become depressed. This suggests that depression does have a link with genetics but it also needs other aspects to initiate depression. Beck’s theory of depression has it’s strengths as it is supported by a large amount of research indicating that depression is in fact influenced by negative thinking. However, is negative thinking the cause of depression or is it depression that causes a person to think negatively? If depression causes a person to think negatively is it then that depression is a result of chemical conflict? Serotonin levels must remain on an even level to enable a person’s mood to stay stable. Serotonin levels drop in that of a depressed person. Yet it is unknown whether a low serotonin level causes depression or weather depression causes a low serotonin level. It remains unknown weather depression is in fact a result of biological factors or psychological factors. Each person suffers from depression in their own way. There is evidence to suggest that depression runs in families, but a family free from depression can have a depressed person amongst them. A happy family home, with two loving parents can also have a depressed child. In conclusion to this assignment, what causes depression? Given the research , evidence and the limitations of the theories surrounding depression it becomes fair to say that depression holds many reasons and is not only influenced by one factor and can in fact be a result of many. 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